महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-127, verse-18

तं प्रविष्टमभिप्रेक्ष्य पुत्रमुत्पथमास्थितम् ।
विगर्हमाणा गान्धारी समर्थं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥१८॥

18. taṁ praviṣṭamabhiprekṣya putramutpathamāsthitam ,
vigarhamāṇā gāndhārī samarthaṁ vākyamabravīt.

18. tam praviṣṭam abhiprekṣya putram utpatham āsthitam
vigarhamāṇā gāndhārī samartham vākyam abravīt

18. gāndhārī tam utpatham āsthitam putram praviṣṭam
abhiprekṣya vigarhamāṇā samartham vākyam abravīt

18. Gandhari, seeing her son (putra) enter, who was following the wrong path, and reproaching him, spoke appropriate words.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that (masculine singular))

• प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (describing Duryodhana) (entered, arrived)

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - her son (putra) (son)

• उत्पथम् (utpatham) - the wrong path (wrong path, evil path, bad road)

• आस्थितम् (āsthitam) - following (the path) (situated, standing, following, taken up)

• विगर्हमाणा (vigarhamāṇā) - reproaching him (reproaching, rebuking, censuring)

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari (Gandhari (name of Dhritarashtra's wife and Duryodhana's mother))

• समर्थम् (samartham) - appropriate, befitting (appropriate, befitting, effective, capable)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence, utterance)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (describing Duryodhana) (entered, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' and 'putram'.

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see) with prefixes abhi-pra

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पुत्रम् (putram) - her son (putra) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

उत्पथम् (utpatham) - the wrong path (wrong path, evil path, bad road)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utpatha

utpatha - wrong path, bad road, evil course

Compound type : tatpurusha (ut+patha)

• ut – up, out, away from, bad
  indeclinable
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

आस्थितम् (āsthitam) - following (the path) (situated, standing, following, taken up)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - placed, situated, standing, following, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' and 'putram'.

विगर्हमाणा (vigarhamāṇā) - reproaching him (reproaching, rebuking, censuring)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vigarhamāṇa

vigarhamāṇa - reproaching, censuring, blaming

Present Middle Participle

From root garh (to blame) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gāndhārī'.

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari (Gandhari (name of Dhritarashtra's wife and Duryodhana's mother))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari, a princess from Gandhara, Dhritarashtra's wife

समर्थम् (samartham) - appropriate, befitting (appropriate, befitting, effective, capable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samartha

samartha - appropriate, befitting, capable, effective, suitable

Prefix: sam

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bru

imperfect

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Root: bru (class 2)