महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-30, verse-23

तं कृष्णः प्रत्युवाचेदं बहूक्त्वा गुणविस्तरम् ।
त्वमेव राजशार्दूल सम्राडर्हो महाक्रतुम् ।
संप्राप्नुहि त्वया प्राप्ते कृतकृत्यास्ततो वयम् ॥२३॥

23. taṁ kṛṣṇaḥ pratyuvācedaṁ bahūktvā guṇavistaram ,
tvameva rājaśārdūla samrāḍarho mahākratum ,
saṁprāpnuhi tvayā prāpte kṛtakṛtyāstato vayam.

23. tam kṛṣṇaḥ pratyuvāca idam bahu uktvā
guṇavistaram tvam eva rājaśārdūla
samrāṭ arhaḥ mahākratum samprāpnuhi
tvayā prāpte kṛtakṛtyāḥ tataḥ vayam

23. Having spoken at length about his great qualities, Krishna replied to him: 'O tiger among kings, you alone, as emperor, are truly worthy of a great Vedic ritual (yajña). Therefore, you should undertake it! Once it is performed by you, then we shall consider our duty fulfilled (kṛtakṛtya).'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him (Yudhishthira) (him, that)

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, this speech)

• बहु (bahu) - much, at length (much, many)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• गुणविस्तरम् (guṇavistaram) - a detailed account of his (Yudhishthira's) qualities (detailed account of merits/qualities, extensive qualities)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, indeed, just, certainly)

• राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings (Yudhishthira) (O tiger among kings, O best of kings)

• सम्राट् (samrāṭ) - emperor (emperor, sovereign)

• अर्हः (arhaḥ) - worthy (worthy, deserving, capable)

• महाक्रतुम् (mahākratum) - great sacrifice

• सम्प्राप्नुहि (samprāpnuhi) - undertake it (the sacrifice) (achieve, attain, obtain)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - once it is performed/obtained (having been obtained, when obtained/reached)

• कृतकृत्याः (kṛtakṛtyāḥ) - our duty fulfilled (having fulfilled one's duty, having accomplished one's task, fulfilled)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefore, from that)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him (Yudhishthira) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'pratyuvāca' (replied to).

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna

Note: Subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

From prati-vac. Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, this speech)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to Krishna's subsequent statement.

बहु (bahu) - much, at length (much, many)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From the root vac (to speak) + ktvā suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

गुणविस्तरम् (guṇavistaram) - a detailed account of his (Yudhishthira's) qualities (detailed account of merits/qualities, extensive qualities)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guṇavistara

guṇavistara - detailed exposition of qualities, extensive qualities

Compound type : tatpurusha (guṇa+vistara)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, merit, thread
  noun (masculine)
• vistara – expansion, detail, extent
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-stṛ (to spread).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the sentence.

एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, indeed, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Particle, emphasis.

Note: Emphasizes 'tvam'.

राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings (Yudhishthira) (O tiger among kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, best of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Yudhishthira.

सम्राट् (samrāṭ) - emperor (emperor, sovereign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samrāj

samrāj - emperor, sovereign ruler

From sam-rāj (to rule).

Prefix: sam

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

अर्हः (arhaḥ) - worthy (worthy, deserving, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arha

arha - worthy, deserving, fit

From the root arh (to deserve).

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tvam'.

महाक्रतुम् (mahākratum) - great sacrifice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahākratu

mahākratu - great sacrifice

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+kratu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat, used as first member of compound.
• kratu – sacrifice, ritual
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ

सम्प्राप्नुहि (samprāpnuhi) - undertake it (the sacrifice) (achieve, attain, obtain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of samprāp

From sam-pra-āp. Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'prāpte'.

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - once it is performed/obtained (having been obtained, when obtained/reached)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From pra-āp (to obtain) + kta suffix. Locative case for locative absolute construction.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कृतकृत्याः (kṛtakṛtyāḥ) - our duty fulfilled (having fulfilled one's duty, having accomplished one's task, fulfilled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtakṛtya

kṛtakṛtya - one who has accomplished one's object or duty, successful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+kṛtya)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From the root kṛ (to do). Often functions as first part of compounds.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṛtya – duty, action, what ought to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive (Nomen Agentis)
  From the root kṛ (to do), suffix -tya. Here, functioning as the noun 'duty'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vayam'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'shall be'.