महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-30, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
रक्षणाद्धर्मराजस्य सत्यस्य परिपालनात् ।
शत्रूणां क्षपणाच्चैव स्वकर्मनिरताः प्रजाः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
rakṣaṇāddharmarājasya satyasya paripālanāt ,
śatrūṇāṁ kṣapaṇāccaiva svakarmaniratāḥ prajāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca rakṣaṇāt dharmarājasya satyasya
paripālanāt śatrūṇām kṣapaṇāt ca eva svakarmaniratāḥ prajāḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Due to the protection provided by the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja), the upholding of truth, and the destruction of enemies, the people were diligently engaged in their own prescribed actions (sva-karma).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata, addressing King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana said (said, spoke)

• रक्षणात् (rakṣaṇāt) - from protection, due to protection

• धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of dharma (of the king of dharma, of the righteous king)

• सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth, of reality

• परिपालनात् (paripālanāt) - from upholding, due to protection/maintenance

• शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

• क्षपणात् (kṣapaṇāt) - from destruction, due to removal

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - devoted to their own duties, engaged in their own actions

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the people (of the kingdom) (people, subjects, offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata, addressing King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a famous sage, the disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Form of √vac (2nd conjugation)

Root: vac (class 2)

रक्षणात् (rakṣaṇāt) - from protection, due to protection

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rakṣaṇa

rakṣaṇa - protecting, guarding, preservation

Action noun

Derived from √rakṣ (1st conjugation)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of dharma (of the king of dharma, of the righteous king)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma, king of justice, righteous king, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth, of reality

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, sincerity

From sat (being, existence) + ya (suffix)

Root: as (class 2)

परिपालनात् (paripālanāt) - from upholding, due to protection/maintenance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of paripālana

paripālana - protection, preservation, guarding, upholding

Action noun

From prefix pari- + √pāl (to protect)

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)

शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śad (class 1)

क्षपणात् (kṣapaṇāt) - from destruction, due to removal

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṣapaṇa

kṣapaṇa - destroying, causing to perish, removal, diminishing

Action noun

Derived from √kṣap (to destroy, to cause to perish)

Root: kṣap (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - devoted to their own duties, engaged in their own actions

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svakarmanirata

svakarmanirata - devoted to one's own duties/actions

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karma+nirata)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective
• karma – action, deed, duty, work
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• nirata – devoted, engaged in, attached to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix ni- + √ram (to delight, to rest)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Describes 'prajāḥ'

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the people (of the kingdom) (people, subjects, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, creation

From prefix pra- + √jan (to be born)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The subject of the sentence.