महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-30, verse-15

असूर्यमिव सूर्येण निवातमिव वायुना ।
कृष्णेन समुपेतेन जहृषे भारतं पुरम् ॥१५॥

15. asūryamiva sūryeṇa nivātamiva vāyunā ,
kṛṣṇena samupetena jahṛṣe bhārataṁ puram.

15. asūryam iva sūryeṇa nivātam iva vāyunā
kṛṣṇena samupetena jahṛṣe bhāratam puram

15. The city (puram) of Hastinapura (bhāratam) rejoiced with Kṛṣṇa's arrival, just as a sunless place (asūryam) is illuminated by the sun (sūryeṇa), or a windless place (nivātam) is stirred by the wind (vāyunā).

Words meanings summery:

• असूर्यम् (asūryam) - sunless, without the sun

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - by the sun

• निवातम् (nivātam) - windless, calm, tranquil

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by the wind

• कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa

• समुपेतेन (samupetena) - upon his arrival (Kṛṣṇa's) (by having joined, by having arrived, by being accompanied)

• जहृषे (jahṛṣe) - rejoiced, became glad, was delighted

• भारतम् (bhāratam) - Hastinapura (the city) (belonging to Bharata, India, Hastinapura)

• पुरम् (puram) - city, town, fortress

Words meanings and morphology

असूर्यम् (asūryam) - sunless, without the sun

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asūrya

asūrya - sunless, dark, without the sun

Derived with negative prefix 'a-'

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+sūrya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• sūrya – sun, sun god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as a noun here, 'a sunless place'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - by the sun

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Note: Instrumental of means.

निवातम् (nivātam) - windless, calm, tranquil

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nivāta

nivāta - windless, calm, sheltered from wind, tranquil

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'vā' with upasarga 'ni'. Lit. 'where wind has ceased'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Acts as a noun here, 'a windless place'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

वायुना (vāyunā) - by the wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, wind god

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Instrumental of means.

कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa, dark, black

Note: Instrumental case, referring to Kṛṣṇa as the agent of 'samupetena'.

समुपेतेन (samupetena) - upon his arrival (Kṛṣṇa's) (by having joined, by having arrived, by being accompanied)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of samupeta

samupeta - joined, arrived, accompanied, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'i' (to go) with upasargas 'sam-upa'.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛṣṇena'.

जहृषे (jahṛṣe) - rejoiced, became glad, was delighted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of hṛṣ

Perfect Middle

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice of root 'hṛṣ'.

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'puram'.

भारतम् (bhāratam) - Hastinapura (the city) (belonging to Bharata, India, Hastinapura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India, a name for Hastinapura

Note: Appositive to 'puram'.

पुरम् (puram) - city, town, fortress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress, abode

Root: pur (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'jahṛṣe'.