महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-57, verse-23

ह्रियमाणे तु दृष्ट्वा स कुण्डले भुजगेन ह ।
पपात वृक्षात्सोद्वेगो दुःखात्परमकोपनः ॥२३॥

23. hriyamāṇe tu dṛṣṭvā sa kuṇḍale bhujagena ha ,
papāta vṛkṣātsodvego duḥkhātparamakopanaḥ.

23. hriyamāṇe tu dṛṣṭvā saḥ kuṇḍale bhujagena ha
papāta vṛkṣāt sa-udvegaḥ duḥkhāt parama-kopanaḥ

23. saḥ hriyamāṇe tu bhujagena kuṇḍale dṛṣṭvā ha
duḥkhāt sa-udvegaḥ parama-kopanaḥ vṛkṣāt papāta

23. When he saw the two earrings being carried away by the serpent, he fell from the tree, agitated by grief and extremely furious.

Words meanings summery:

• ह्रियमाणे (hriyamāṇe) - while being carried away, while being stolen

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the observation) (but, indeed, however)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - two earrings (two earrings, two coils)

• भुजगेन (bhujagena) - by the snake that stole the earrings (by the serpent, by the snake)

• ह (ha) - indeed, oh, alas (exclamatory particle)

• पपात (papāta) - he fell

• वृक्षात् (vṛkṣāt) - from the tree

• स-उद्वेगः (sa-udvegaḥ) - agitated, distressed, with agitation

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow, due to suffering

• परम-कोपनः (parama-kopanaḥ) - extremely furious, greatly enraged

Words meanings and morphology

ह्रियमाणे (hriyamāṇe) - while being carried away, while being stolen

(participle)

Locative, singular of hriyamāṇa

hriyamāṇa - being carried, being stolen, being offered

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛ (to carry, to steal) with passive sense, present tense.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Absolute locative construction, indicating the state or time of the action.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the observation) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - two earrings (two earrings, two coils)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, coil, ring

भुजगेन (bhujagena) - by the snake that stole the earrings (by the serpent, by the snake)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhujaga

bhujaga - serpent, snake (lit. 'going on the arm/shoulder')

Compound: bhuja (arm) + ga (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhuja+ga)

• bhuja – arm, hand, shoulder
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root gam
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, oh, alas (exclamatory particle)

(indeclinable)

पपात (papāta) - he fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of pat

Perfect Active

Derived from root pat (to fall) in perfect tense.

Root: pat (class 1)

वृक्षात् (vṛkṣāt) - from the tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

स-उद्वेगः (sa-udvegaḥ) - agitated, distressed, with agitation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-udvega

sa-udvega - agitated, distressed, with agitation

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + udvega (agitation).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+udvega)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• udvega – agitation, distress, anxiety
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-vij (to be agitated)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow, due to suffering

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Indicates cause for agitation/fury.

परम-कोपनः (parama-kopanaḥ) - extremely furious, greatly enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-kopana

parama-kopana - extremely furious, greatly enraged

Tatpuruṣa compound: parama (supreme, extreme) + kopana (furious).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+kopana)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• kopana – furious, irritable, prone to anger
  adjective (masculine)
  From kupa (to be angry)
  Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.