महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-57, verse-16

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्तः स तदा राज्ञा क्षमं बुद्धिमता हितम् ।
समनुज्ञाप्य राजानमहल्यां प्रति जग्मिवान् ॥१६॥

16. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktaḥ sa tadā rājñā kṣamaṁ buddhimatā hitam ,
samanujñāpya rājānamahalyāṁ prati jagmivān.

16. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca iti uktaḥ saḥ tadā rājñā kṣamam
buddhimatā hitam samanujñāpya rājānam ahalyām prati jagmyivān

16. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tadā buddhimatā rājñā kṣamam hitam
iti uktaḥ saḥ rājānam samanujñāpya ahalyām prati jagmyivān

16. Vaiśampayana said: Thus addressed then by the wise king with fitting and beneficial words, he took leave of the king and departed towards Ahalya.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed, said

• सः (saḥ) - he

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - fitting (words/counsel) (fitting, appropriate, proper)

• बुद्धिमता (buddhimatā) - by the wise king (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (words/counsel) (beneficial, good)

• समनुज्ञाप्य (samanujñāpya) - having taken leave of, having obtained permission from

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• अहल्याम् (ahalyām) - Ahalya

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to

• जग्म्यिवान् (jagmyivān) - went, had gone

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated sage, a disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

2nd class, P

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce or summarize direct speech or manner.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed, said

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

past passive participle

From root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (he).

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - fitting (words/counsel) (fitting, appropriate, proper)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - capable, proper, fitting, patient

Note: Agrees with implied neuter object of 'uktaḥ' such as 'vacanam' (word/speech). Could also be nominative.

बुद्धिमता (buddhimatā) - by the wise king (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

Possessive suffix -mat applied to buddhi

Note: Agrees with 'rājñā'.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (words/counsel) (beneficial, good)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, placed

past passive participle

From root dhā, used as adjective/noun

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with implied neuter object of 'uktaḥ'. Could also be nominative.

समनुज्ञाप्य (samanujñāpya) - having taken leave of, having obtained permission from

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root jñā, 9th class, with prefixes sam-anu and causative suffix -āp

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of 'samanujñāpya'.

अहल्याम् (ahalyām) - Ahalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ahalyā

ahalyā - name of Gautama's wife

Note: Governed by the preposition 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, to

(indeclinable)

जग्म्यिवान् (jagmyivān) - went, had gone

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jagmyivat

jagmyivat - one who has gone

perfect active participle (kvasu)

From root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as the main verb here, implying 'he went'.