महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-57, verse-14

सौदास उवाच ।
क्षमं चेदिह वक्तव्यं मया द्विजवरोत्तम ।
मत्समीपं द्विजश्रेष्ठ नागन्तव्यं कथंचन ॥१४॥

14. saudāsa uvāca ,
kṣamaṁ cediha vaktavyaṁ mayā dvijavarottama ,
matsamīpaṁ dvijaśreṣṭha nāgantavyaṁ kathaṁcana.

14. saudāsaḥ uvāca kṣamam cet iha vaktavyam mayā dvija vara
uttama mat samīpam dvija śreṣṭha na āgantavyam kathaṃcana

14. saudāsaḥ uvāca cet iha mayā kṣamam vaktavyam he dvijavarottama
he dvijaśreṣṭha kathaṃcana mat samīpam na āgantavyam

14. Saudasa said: If it is appropriate for me to speak here, O most excellent among brahmins, then, O best of brahmins, you must not come near me under any circumstances.

Words meanings summery:

• सौदासः (saudāsaḥ) - Saudasa (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - appropriate (proper, suitable, able, fit)

• चेत् (cet) - if (if, whether)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this matter)

• वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - to be spoken (by me) (to be spoken, should be said)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• द्विज (dvija) - brahmin (twice-born, brahmin, bird)

• वर (vara) - excellent (best, excellent)

• उत्तम (uttama) - most excellent (best, highest, most excellent)

• मत् (mat) - my (my, from me)

• समीपम् (samīpam) - proximity (proximity, near, vicinity)

• द्विज (dvija) - brahmin (twice-born, brahmin, bird)

• श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - best (best, most excellent)

• न (na) - not, no

• आगन्तव्यम् (āgantavyam) - must not be come (to be approached, should be come)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - under any circumstances, at all (by any means, in any way, at all)

Words meanings and morphology

सौदासः (saudāsaḥ) - Saudasa (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saudāsa

saudāsa - Saudasa (a legendary king)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'vac' (2nd class), irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - appropriate (proper, suitable, able, fit)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - able, competent, proper, fit, suitable, patient

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vaktavyam'.

चेत् (cet) - if (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - to be spoken (by me) (to be spoken, should be said)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaktavya

vaktavya - to be spoken, to be said, what should be said

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

From root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Impersonal construction, 'it is to be spoken'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Instrumental singular of 'asmad' (first person pronoun).

Note: Agent for 'vaktavyam'.

द्विज (dvija) - brahmin (twice-born, brahmin, bird)

(noun)

masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a member of the first three varṇas, especially a brahmin), bird, tooth

From 'dvi' (twice) and 'ja' (born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: First part of the compound 'dvijavarottama'.

वर (vara) - excellent (best, excellent)

(adjective)

masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

Note: Second part of the compound 'dvijavarottama'.

उत्तम (uttama) - most excellent (best, highest, most excellent)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of uttama

dvijavarottama - O best among excellent brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+vara+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vara – best, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• uttama – highest, best, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' or 'ava'.

Note: Third part of the compound 'dvijavarottama'. Vocative, addressing Uttanka.

मत् (mat) - my (my, from me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive/ablative singular of 'asmad' (first person pronoun).

Note: First part of the compound 'matsamīpam'.

समीपम् (samīpam) - proximity (proximity, near, vicinity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samīpa

matsamīpa - my proximity, near me

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mat+samīpa)

• mat – my, from me
  pronoun
  Genitive/ablative singular of 'asmad'.
• samīpa – near, proximity, vicinity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of motion.

द्विज (dvija) - brahmin (twice-born, brahmin, bird)

(noun)

masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a member of the first three varṇas, especially a brahmin), bird, tooth

From 'dvi' (twice) and 'ja' (born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: First part of the compound 'dvijaśreṣṭha'.

श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - best (best, most excellent)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - O best of brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

Note: Second part of the compound 'dvijaśreṣṭha'. Vocative, addressing Uttanka.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'āgantavyam'.

आगन्तव्यम् (āgantavyam) - must not be come (to be approached, should be come)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgantavya

āgantavya - to be come, to be approached, what should be approached

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā', and suffix '-tavya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Impersonal construction, 'it is not to be approached'.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - under any circumstances, at all (by any means, in any way, at all)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'katham' (how) and 'cana' (any, even).

Note: Intensifies the negation.