महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-57, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स मित्रसहमासाद्य त्वभिज्ञानमयाचत ।
तस्मै ददावभिज्ञानं स चेक्ष्वाकुवरस्तदा ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa mitrasahamāsādya tvabhijñānamayācata ,
tasmai dadāvabhijñānaṁ sa cekṣvākuvarastadā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sa mitrasaham āsādya tu abhijñānam
ayācata | tasmai dadau abhijñānam sa ca ikṣvākuvaraḥ tadā

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sa mitrasaham āsādya tu abhijñānam
ayācata ca tadā saḥ ikṣvākuvaraḥ tasmai abhijñānam dadau

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having approached Mitrasaha, he asked for the token of recognition (abhijñāna). And that best of Ikṣvākus then gave the token of recognition to him.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• स (sa) - the one who asked for the token (he)

• मित्रसहम् (mitrasaham) - Mitrasaha

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having obtained

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अभिज्ञानम् (abhijñānam) - token of recognition, mark, sign

• अयाचत (ayācata) - he asked, he requested

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to the one who asked for the token (to him, for him)

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave

• अभिज्ञानम् (abhijñānam) - token of recognition, mark, sign

• स (sa) - Mitrasaha (he)

• च (ca) - and

• इक्ष्वाकुवरः (ikṣvākuvaraḥ) - King Mitrasaha, who was the best of the Ikṣvāku dynasty (the best of Ikṣvākus)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata.

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root √vac (class 2), perfect active 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

स (sa) - the one who asked for the token (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Nominative singular masculine of 'tad'.

मित्रसहम् (mitrasaham) - Mitrasaha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mitrasaha

mitrasaha - Name of a king (son of Sudāsa, or Sudāsa himself, also known as Kalmāṣapāda).

Note: Direct object.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √sad (to sit) with prefix ā- (to approach).

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

अभिज्ञानम् (abhijñānam) - token of recognition, mark, sign

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhijñāna

abhijñāna - recognition, token, mark, sign, evidence

From prefix 'abhi' + √jñā (to know).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Direct object.

अयाचत (ayācata) - he asked, he requested

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of yāc

Imperfect Tense

Root √yāc (class 1), imperfect middle 3rd singular with augment 'a-'.

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'sa'.

तस्मै (tasmai) - to the one who asked for the token (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Dative singular masculine of 'tad'.

Note: Indirect object of 'gave'.

ददौ (dadau) - he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dā

Perfect Tense

Root √dā (class 3/1), perfect active 3rd singular.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The subject is 'sa ikṣvākuvaraḥ'.

अभिज्ञानम् (abhijñānam) - token of recognition, mark, sign

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhijñāna

abhijñāna - recognition, token, mark, sign, evidence

From prefix 'abhi' + √jñā (to know).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Direct object.

स (sa) - Mitrasaha (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Nominative singular masculine of 'tad'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इक्ष्वाकुवरः (ikṣvākuvaraḥ) - King Mitrasaha, who was the best of the Ikṣvāku dynasty (the best of Ikṣvākus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ikṣvākuvara

ikṣvākuvara - best of the Ikṣvāku dynasty (a royal lineage)

Compound of 'ikṣvāku' (name of a legendary king, founder of a solar dynasty) and 'vara' (best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ikṣvāku+vara)

• ikṣvāku – name of a legendary king, founder of the Solar Dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, choice, boon, husband
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' + 'dā' (temporal suffix).