महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-57, verse-2

सौदास उवाच ।
न चैवैषा गतिः क्षेम्या न चान्या विद्यते गतिः ।
एतन्मे मतमाज्ञाय प्रयच्छ मणिकुण्डले ॥२॥

2. saudāsa uvāca ,
na caivaiṣā gatiḥ kṣemyā na cānyā vidyate gatiḥ ,
etanme matamājñāya prayaccha maṇikuṇḍale.

2. saudāsa uvāca na ca eva eṣā gatiḥ kṣemyā na ca anyā
vidyate gatiḥ | etat me matam ājñāya prayaccha maṇikuṇḍale

2. saudāsa uvāca ca eṣā gatiḥ na eva kṣemyā ca anyā gatiḥ
na vidyate etat me matam ājñāya maṇikuṇḍale prayaccha

2. Saudāsa said: This course of action is certainly not safe, and no other course is available. Therefore, having understood this opinion of mine, give me the jewel earrings.

Words meanings summery:

• सौदास (saudāsa) - Saudāsa

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - course of action, way out (path, course, destiny, state, solution)

• क्षेम्या (kṣemyā) - safe, secure, auspicious (feminine)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• अन्या (anyā) - another, other (feminine)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - course of action, way out (path, course, destiny, state, solution)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• मे (me) - my, to me

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, thought, intention

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood, having known, having learned

• प्रयच्छ (prayaccha) - give, grant

• मणिकुण्डले (maṇikuṇḍale) - jewel earrings (two)

Words meanings and morphology

सौदास (saudāsa) - Saudāsa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudāsa

sudāsa - Name of a king, father of Mitrasaha (also called Kalmāṣapāda).

Patronymic 'saudāsa' (son of Sudāsa).

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root √vac (class 2), perfect active 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Nominative singular feminine of 'etad'.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - course of action, way out (path, course, destiny, state, solution)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, fate, state, means, way, solution

From root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject.

क्षेम्या (kṣemyā) - safe, secure, auspicious (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣemya

kṣemya - safe, secure, prosperous, salutary

From 'kṣema' (security, welfare) + 'ya' suffix (suitable for, conducive to).

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'gatiḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्या (anyā) - another, other (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Indefinite pronoun.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative (Passive/Middle)

From root √vid (class 4) in middle voice (often used with passive meaning 'is found/exists').

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'gatiḥ'.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - course of action, way out (path, course, destiny, state, solution)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, fate, state, means, way, solution

From root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of 'etad'.

Note: Direct object of the gerund 'ājñāya'.

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Genitive or Dative singular of 1st person pronoun.

Note: Enclitic form.

मतम् (matam) - opinion, thought, intention

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, intention, doctrine

Past Passive Participle

From root √man (to think) used as a noun.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Direct object of the gerund 'ājñāya'.

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood, having known, having learned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √jñā (to know) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रयच्छ (prayaccha) - give, grant

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Imperative

From root √dā (class 3) in the present stem with prefix pra-. 'praya' is the root in the a-class conjugation.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The subject is implied 'you'.

मणिकुण्डले (maṇikuṇḍale) - jewel earrings (two)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of maṇikuṇḍala

maṇikuṇḍala - jewel earring

Compound of 'maṇi' (jewel) and 'kuṇḍala' (earring).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (maṇi+kuṇḍala)

• maṇi – jewel, gem, pearl
  noun (masculine)
• kuṇḍala – earring, ring, coil, bracelet
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of command.