महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-52

यत्ते दातुं गोसहस्रं शतं वा शतार्धं वा दश वा साधुवत्साः ।
अप्येकां वा साधवे ब्राह्मणाय सास्यामुष्मिन्पुण्यतीर्था नदी वै ॥५२॥

52. yatte dātuṁ gosahasraṁ śataṁ vā; śatārdhaṁ vā daśa vā sādhuvatsāḥ ,
apyekāṁ vā sādhave brāhmaṇāya; sāsyāmuṣminpuṇyatīrthā nadī vai.

52. yat te dātum go-sahasram śatam vā
śatārdham vā daśa vā sādhu-vatsāḥ
| api ekām vā sādhave brāhmaṇāya sā
asyām amuṣmin puṇyatīrthā nadī vai

52. yat te go-sahasram vā śatam vā śatārdham vā daśa sādhu-vatsāḥ (gāvaḥ) dātum (asti),
vā api ekām sādhave brāhmaṇāya (dātum asti),
sā asyām amuṣmin puṇyatīrthā nadī vai.

52. What is to be given by you – a thousand cows, or a hundred, or fifty, or ten, (or even) one well-calved cow to a virtuous brahmin – that (act) is indeed like a sacred-forded river both in this world and the next.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• ते (te) - by you (as agent in passive construction) (by you (dative/genitive))

• दातुम् (dātum) - for giving, to be given (to give, for giving)

• गो-सहस्रम् (go-sahasram) - a thousand cows

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred cows (a hundred)

• वा (vā) - or

• शतार्धम् (śatārdham) - fifty cows (fifty (half a hundred))

• वा (vā) - or

• दश (daśa) - ten cows (ten)

• वा (vā) - or

• साधु-वत्साः (sādhu-vatsāḥ) - having good calves, well-calved (cows)

• अपि (api) - even, also

• एकाम् (ekām) - one cow (one)

• वा (vā) - or

• साधवे (sādhave) - to a virtuous (brahmin) (to a virtuous person, to a good person)

• ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a brahmin

• सा (sā) - that (act of giving) (that (feminine))

• अस्याम् (asyām) - in this (world) (in this (feminine))

• अमुष्मिन् (amuṣmin) - in the other (world) (in that, in the other (masculine))

• पुण्यतीर्था (puṇyatīrthā) - having sacred fords, with sacred bathing places

• नदी (nadī) - river

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Subject of the initial clause, "what is to be given".

ते (te) - by you (as agent in passive construction) (by you (dative/genitive))

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here used to indicate the agent for dātum, effectively "for you to give" or "by you (to be given)".

दातुम् (dātum) - for giving, to be given (to give, for giving)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From root DĀ (to give) with the suffix -tum.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses purpose or potential "to be given".

गो-सहस्रम् (go-sahasram) - a thousand cows

(noun)

neuter, singular of go-sahasra

go-sahasra - a thousand cows

Compound of go (cow) and sahasra (thousand).

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+sahasra)

• go – cow, ox
  noun (feminine)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as object of dātum.

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred cows (a hundred)

(noun)

neuter, singular of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Implied "cows".

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive conjunction.

शतार्धम् (śatārdham) - fifty cows (fifty (half a hundred))

(noun)

neuter, singular of śatārdha

śatārdha - half a hundred, fifty

Compound of śata (hundred) and ardha (half).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śata+ardha)

• śata – hundred
  numeral noun (neuter)
• ardha – half, part, side
  noun (masculine)

Note: Implied "cows".

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive conjunction.

दश (daśa) - ten cows (ten)

(adjective)

plural of daśa

daśa - ten

Note: Implied "cows".

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive conjunction.

साधु-वत्साः (sādhu-vatsāḥ) - having good calves, well-calved (cows)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sādhu-vatsā

sādhu-vatsā - a cow with good calves; well-calved cow

Bahuvrihi compound: sādhu (good, virtuous) + vatsā (having a calf). Refers to a cow that has recently calved or is capable of giving good milk due to having a calf.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sādhu+vatsā)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, excellent, proper
  adjective (masculine)
• vatsā – a female calf, a cow that has calved
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of vatsa.

Note: Agrees with implied "gāvaḥ" (cows).

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes "even one".

एकाम् (ekām) - one cow (one)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique, principal

Note: Implied "gām".

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive conjunction.

साधवे (sādhave) - to a virtuous (brahmin) (to a virtuous person, to a good person)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - virtuous, good, proper, saint, ascetic

Note: Qualifies brāhmaṇāya.

ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a brahmin

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brahmin, a member of the priestly class

Derived from brahman.

Note: Recipient of the donation.

सा (sā) - that (act of giving) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the act of giving (implied as feminine like nadī).

अस्याम् (asyām) - in this (world) (in this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Implied "lokyām" or "pṛthivyām", "in this world".

अमुष्मिन् (amuṣmin) - in the other (world) (in that, in the other (masculine))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, the other, yonder

Note: Implied "loke", "in the other world".

पुण्यतीर्था (puṇyatīrthā) - having sacred fords, with sacred bathing places

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of puṇyatīrthā

puṇyatīrthā - having sacred fords/bathing places (feminine)

Bahuvrihi compound: puṇya (sacred, meritorious) + tīrtha (ford, sacred bathing place).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (puṇya+tīrtha)

• puṇya – sacred, holy, meritorious, pure
  adjective (neuter)
• tīrtha – ford, bathing place, sacred place, teacher
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with nadī.

नदी (nadī) - river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Predicate nominative for sā.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.