महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-51

गावो लोकान्धारयन्ति क्षरन्त्यो गावश्चान्नं संजनयन्ति लोके ।
यस्तज्जानन्न गवां हार्दमेति स वै गन्ता निरयं पापचेताः ॥५१॥

51. gāvo lokāndhārayanti kṣarantyo; gāvaścānnaṁ saṁjanayanti loke ,
yastajjānanna gavāṁ hārdameti; sa vai gantā nirayaṁ pāpacetāḥ.

51. gāvaḥ lokān dhārayanti kṣarantyaḥ
gāvaḥ ca annam saṃjanayanti loke
| yaḥ tat jānan na gavām hārdam
eti saḥ vai gantā nirayam pāpacetāḥ

51. gāvaḥ kṣarantyaḥ lokān dhārayanti,
ca gāvaḥ loke annam saṃjanayanti yaḥ tat jānan gavām hārdam na eti,
saḥ pāpacetāḥ vai nirayam gantā.

51. Cows, by yielding milk, sustain the worlds, and cows also produce food in the world. Whoever, knowing this, does not approach the cows with affection, that person with a sinful mind will indeed go to hell.

Words meanings summery:

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

• धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they sustain, they bear, they hold

• क्षरन्त्यः (kṣarantyaḥ) - yielding milk (yielding, flowing, dripping)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

• संजनयन्ति (saṁjanayanti) - they produce, they generate

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

• तत् (tat) - refers to the preceding statement about cows' benefits (that)

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, while knowing

• न (na) - not, no

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• हार्दम् (hārdam) - affection, love, heart-felt feeling

• एति (eti) - he approaches (with affection) (he goes, he approaches)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that person

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• गन्ता (gantā) - will go (to hell) (will go, a goer)

• निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a place of punishment

• पापचेताः (pāpacetāḥ) - having a sinful mind, whose mind is evil

Words meanings and morphology

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light, heaven, speech, sense organ

Note: Subject.

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

Note: Object of dhārayanti.

धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they sustain, they bear, they hold

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dhāray

Present Indicative

Causative form of root DHṚ (to hold) in present indicative, 3rd person plural.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Verb for "gāvaḥ".

क्षरन्त्यः (kṣarantyaḥ) - yielding milk (yielding, flowing, dripping)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṣarantī

kṣarantī - flowing, dripping, yielding (milk)

Present Active Participle

From root KṢAR (to flow, to drip, to yield) in feminine plural nominative.

Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with gāvaḥ, describes their action.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light, heaven, speech, sense organ

Note: Subject of the second clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, cooked rice

Past passive participle of root AD (to eat), used as a noun.

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Object of saṃjanayanti.

संजनयन्ति (saṁjanayanti) - they produce, they generate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of saṃjanay

Present Indicative

Causative form of root JAN (to be born, to produce) with prefix SAM. Present indicative, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Verb for "gāvaḥ".

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

Note: Adverbial locative.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Introduces the relative clause.

तत् (tat) - refers to the preceding statement about cows' benefits (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Object of jānan.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, while knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, one who knows

Present Active Participle

From root JÑĀ (to know) in masculine singular nominative.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with yaḥ, acts adverbially.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light, heaven, speech, sense organ

Note: Modifies hārdam.

हार्दम् (hārdam) - affection, love, heart-felt feeling

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hārda

hārda - heart, affection, love, innermost feeling, essence

Derived from hṛd (heart).

Note: Object of eti.

एति (eti) - he approaches (with affection) (he goes, he approaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of i

Present Indicative

Root verb 'i' (to go) in present indicative, 3rd person singular.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used with accusative hārdam to mean "approaches with affection".

सः (saḥ) - he, that person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Correlative pronoun to yaḥ.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

गन्ता (gantā) - will go (to hell) (will go, a goer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gantṛ

gantṛ - goer, one who goes, destined to go

Agent noun/future participle

From root GAM (to go) with the suffix -tṛ. Used here with a future sense.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Future sense: "will go".

निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a place of punishment

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, Hades, place of punishment

Prefix: nir

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of gantā (implies motion).

पापचेताः (pāpacetāḥ) - having a sinful mind, whose mind is evil

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpacetas

pāpacetas - having a sinful mind, evil-minded

Bahuvrihi compound: pāpa (sin) + cetas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+cetas)

• pāpa – evil, bad, wicked, sin
  noun/adjective (neuter)
• cetas – mind, intellect, thought, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.