महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-31

तिस्रो रात्रीरद्भिरुपोष्य भूमौ तृप्ता गावस्तर्पितेभ्यः प्रदेयाः ।
वत्सैः प्रीताः सुप्रजाः सोपचारास्त्र्यहं दत्त्वा गोरसैर्वर्तितव्यम् ॥३१॥

31. tisro rātrīradbhirupoṣya bhūmau; tṛptā gāvastarpitebhyaḥ pradeyāḥ ,
vatsaiḥ prītāḥ suprajāḥ sopacārā;stryahaṁ dattvā gorasairvartitavyam.

31. tisraḥ rātrīḥ adbhiḥ upoṣya bhūmau
tṛptāḥ gāvaḥ tarpitebhyaḥ pradeyāḥ
vatsaiḥ prītāḥ suprajāḥ sa-upacārāḥ
tryaham dattvā go-rasaiḥ vartitavyam

31. adbhiḥ bhūmau tisraḥ rātrīḥ upoṣya
tṛptāḥ gāvaḥ tarpitebhyaḥ pradeyāḥ
vatsaiḥ prītāḥ suprajāḥ sa-upacārāḥ
dattvā tryaham go-rasaiḥ vartitavyam

31. After fasting for three nights, subsisting on water and resting on the ground, satisfied cows should be given to those who are deserving of satisfaction. Once the cows are contented with their calves, have good offspring, and have been properly tended to, one should subsist on milk products for three days after the donation.

Words meanings summery:

• तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three (feminine)

• रात्रीः (rātrīḥ) - nights

• अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - with water (as a means of subsistence for fasting) (by waters; with water)

• उपोष्य (upoṣya) - having fasted (from food, subsisting on water) (having fasted; having dwelt near)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground; on the earth

• तृप्ताः (tṛptāḥ) - well-fed, healthy, and contented (cows) (satisfied, contented)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• तर्पितेभ्यः (tarpitebhyaḥ) - to those who are deserving of satisfaction (i.e. Brahmins or guests) (to those who are satisfied/gratified; to the deserving)

• प्रदेयाः (pradeyāḥ) - should be given; fit to be given

• वत्सैः (vatsaiḥ) - by calves; with calves

• प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - pleased (with their calves) (pleased, delighted, beloved)

• सुप्रजाः (suprajāḥ) - having good offspring; fertile

• स-उपचाराः (sa-upacārāḥ) - with proper attendance/treatment; well-attended

• त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• गो-रसैः (go-rasaiḥ) - by milk products (like milk, ghee, curd) (by milk products; with cow's products)

• वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - one should subsist/live; it should be lived

Words meanings and morphology

तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three (feminine)

(numeral)

Note: Here, accusative plural, modifying 'rātrīḥ'.

रात्रीः (rātrīḥ) - nights

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Object of 'upoṣya' (having fasted).

अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - with water (as a means of subsistence for fasting) (by waters; with water)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Irregular feminine noun, always plural.

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating means of sustenance.

उपोष्य (upoṣya) - having fasted (from food, subsisting on water) (having fasted; having dwelt near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From upa- √vas (to dwell near, to fast)

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 2)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground; on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Note: Indicates place of action (resting on the ground during fasting).

तृप्ताः (tṛptāḥ) - well-fed, healthy, and contented (cows) (satisfied, contented)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tṛpta

tṛpta - satisfied, contented, satiated, refreshed

Past Passive Participle

From √tṛp (to be satisfied, content)

Root: tṛp (class 4)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth

Note: Subject of 'pradeyāḥ'.

तर्पितेभ्यः (tarpitebhyaḥ) - to those who are deserving of satisfaction (i.e. Brahmins or guests) (to those who are satisfied/gratified; to the deserving)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, plural of tarpita

tarpita - satisfied, gratified, pleased, offered satisfaction

Past Passive Participle

From causative of √tṛp (to satisfy, gratify)

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

प्रदेयाः (pradeyāḥ) - should be given; fit to be given

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pradeya

pradeya - to be given, fit to be given, due to be given

Gerundive (N. fut. pass. part.)

From pra- √dā (to give)

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'gāvaḥ'.

वत्सैः (vatsaiḥ) - by calves; with calves

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vatsa

vatsa - calf, offspring, child

Note: Indicates the means or cause of being pleased.

प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - pleased (with their calves) (pleased, delighted, beloved)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, satisfied, loved

Past Passive Participle

From √prī (to please, to be pleased)

Root: prī (class 9)

सुप्रजाः (suprajāḥ) - having good offspring; fertile

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of suprajā

suprajā - having good progeny, fertile, having good offspring

Bahuvrīhi compound of su (good) and prajā (offspring).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+prajā)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• prajā – offspring, progeny, people
  noun (feminine)

स-उपचाराः (sa-upacārāḥ) - with proper attendance/treatment; well-attended

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sa-upacāra

sa-upacāra - accompanied by proper service, with proper attendance, well-treated

Bahuvrīhi compound of sa (with) and upacāra (service, attendance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+upacāra)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• upacāra – service, treatment, attendance, civility
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa

त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tryaha

tryaha - period of three days

Dvigu compound of tri (three) and ahan (day). Often used adverbially.

Compound type : dvigu (tri+ahan)

• tri – three
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the action of giving the cows.

गो-रसैः (go-rasaiḥ) - by milk products (like milk, ghee, curd) (by milk products; with cow's products)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gorasa

gorasa - milk, butter, ghee, curds (products of cow)

Compound of go (cow) and rasa (juice, essence, product).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+rasa)

• go – cow
  noun (feminine)
• rasa – juice, essence, taste, fluid, product
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates means of subsistence.

वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - one should subsist/live; it should be lived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vartitavya

vartitavya - to be lived, to be subsisted upon, to be conducted

Gerundive (N. fut. pass. part.)

From √vṛt (to turn, to exist, to subsist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)