महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-50

गामप्येकां कपिलां संप्रदाय न्यायोपेतां कल्मषाद्विप्रमुच्येत् ।
गवां रसात्परमं नास्ति किंचिद्गवां दानं सुमहत्तद्वदन्ति ॥५०॥

50. gāmapyekāṁ kapilāṁ saṁpradāya; nyāyopetāṁ kalmaṣādvipramucyet ,
gavāṁ rasātparamaṁ nāsti kiṁci;dgavāṁ dānaṁ sumahattadvadanti.

50. gām api ekām kapilām sampradāya
nyāyopetām kalmaṣāt vipramucyet |
gavām rasāt paramam na asti kiñcit
gavām dānam sumahat tat vadanti

50. ekām api kapilām gām nyāyopetām sampradāya,
(saḥ) kalmaṣāt vipramucyet gavām rasāt paramam kiñcit na asti tat gavām dānam sumahat vadanti.

50. By properly donating even one tawny cow, endowed with justice, one is completely freed from sin. There is nothing superior to the essence of cows; people declare the donation (dāna) of cows to be very great.

Words meanings summery:

• गाम् (gām) - cow

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• एकाम् (ekām) - one, a single

• कपिलाम् (kapilām) - tawny, brownish-red, a kind of cow

• सम्प्रदाय (sampradāya) - having given, by donating, handing over

• न्यायोपेताम् (nyāyopetām) - endowed with justice, furnished with propriety

• कल्मषात् (kalmaṣāt) - from sin, from impurity, from defilement

• विप्रमुच्येत् (vipramucyet) - one would be completely freed

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• रसात् (rasāt) - from the essence, from the juice, from the best part

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, most excellent

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• दानम् (dānam) - donation, gift, giving

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, exceedingly large

• तत् (tat) - refers to "gavām dānam" (that, it)

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - people declare (they say, they declare)

Words meanings and morphology

गाम् (gām) - cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light, heaven, speech, sense organ

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

एकाम् (ekām) - one, a single

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique, principal

Note: Agrees with gām.

कपिलाम् (kapilām) - tawny, brownish-red, a kind of cow

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kapilā

kapilā - tawny, brownish-red; a kind of cow (often associated with sacredness); name of a sage (Kapila)

Note: Agrees with gām.

सम्प्रदाय (sampradāya) - having given, by donating, handing over

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root DĀ (to give) with prefixes SAM and PRA. The -ya suffix indicates the absolutive form for roots with prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Absolutive, means "having given/donated".

न्यायोपेताम् (nyāyopetām) - endowed with justice, furnished with propriety

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nyāyopeta

nyāyopeta - endowed with justice, furnished with propriety

Compound of nyāya (justice) and upeta (endowed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nyāya+upeta)

• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logical argument
  noun (masculine)
• upeta – endowed with, furnished with, joined, approached
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root I (to go) with prefix UPA.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with gām.

कल्मषात् (kalmaṣāt) - from sin, from impurity, from defilement

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kalmaṣa

kalmaṣa - sin, impurity, defilement, stain, fault

विप्रमुच्येत् (vipramucyet) - one would be completely freed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vipramuc

Optative Mood, Passive Voice

From root MUC (to release) with prefixes VI and PRA. The 'ya' suffix indicates passive voice, and '-et' is 3rd person singular optative ending.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Expresses potential or desire: "one should be freed" or "one would be freed".

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light, heaven, speech, sense organ

रसात् (rasāt) - from the essence, from the juice, from the best part

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - juice, sap, essence, taste, fluid, sentiment

Note: Expresses "from" or "compared to".

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, most excellent

(adjective)

neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent, principal

Note: Agrees with kiñcit, functioning as a predicate adjective.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

Root verb 'as' (to be) in present indicative, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcid

kiñcid - something, anything, a little, whatsoever

Note: Used here as "anything".

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light, heaven, speech, sense organ

Note: Repetition for emphasis or clarity.

दानम् (dānam) - donation, gift, giving

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, giving, charity

From root DĀ (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of "vadanti".

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, exceedingly large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, exceedingly important

Compound of SU (very) and MAHAT (great).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, excellent, very, easily
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important, noble
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with dānam.

तत् (tat) - refers to "gavām dānam" (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers back to the act of donating cows.

वदन्ति (vadanti) - people declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vad

Present Indicative

Root verb 'vad' (to speak) in present indicative, 3rd person plural.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'people' or 'the wise'.