महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-48

एतद्दानं न्यायलब्धं द्विजेभ्यः पात्रे दत्तं प्रापणीयं परीक्ष्य ।
काम्याष्टम्यां वर्तितव्यं दशाहं रसैर्गवां शकृता प्रस्नवैर्वा ॥४८॥

48. etaddānaṁ nyāyalabdhaṁ dvijebhyaḥ; pātre dattaṁ prāpaṇīyaṁ parīkṣya ,
kāmyāṣṭamyāṁ vartitavyaṁ daśāhaṁ; rasairgavāṁ śakṛtā prasnavairvā.

48. etat dānam nyāyalabdham dvijebhyaḥ
pātre dattam prāpaṇīyam parīkṣya
kāmyāṣṭamyām vartitavyam daśāham
rasaiḥ gavām śakṛtā prasnavaiḥ vā

48. parīkṣya pātre nyāyalabdham etat
dānam dvijebhyaḥ dattam prāpaṇīyam
kāmyāṣṭamyām daśāham gavām rasaiḥ
śakṛtā vā prasnavaiḥ vartitavyam

48. This lawfully obtained charity (dāna) should be given to Brahmins (dvija) after examining and ensuring they are worthy recipients. On an auspicious eighth day, one should observe a practice for ten days, subsisting on cow products like milk (rasa), cow dung, or cow urine.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, this (neuter))

• दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, giving, charity)

• न्यायलब्धम् (nyāyalabdham) - lawfully obtained (righteously acquired, justly obtained)

• द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins (dvija) (to the twice-born, to Brahmins, to birds, to teeth)

• पात्रे (pātre) - to a worthy recipient (in a vessel, to a worthy person, in a receptacle)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given (given, offered, bestowed)

• प्रापणीयम् (prāpaṇīyam) - should be bestowed (to be caused to reach, to be bestowed, to be made to obtain)

• परीक्ष्य (parīkṣya) - after examining (having examined, having tested, having scrutinized)

• काम्याष्टम्याम् (kāmyāṣṭamyām) - on an auspicious eighth day (on the desired eighth day, on an auspicious eighth day)

• वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - one should observe (a practice) (should be acted, should be lived, one should behave)

• दशाहम् (daśāham) - for ten days

• रसैः (rasaiḥ) - with cow products (like milk/essence) (with juices, essences, tastes, elixirs)

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, of oxen)

• शकृता (śakṛtā) - with cow dung (with dung, with excrement)

• प्रस्नवैः (prasnavaiḥ) - with cow urine (with urine, with dripping, with secretion)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (this, this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with `dānam`.

दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, giving, charity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, charity, donation

From root dā (to give) + lyuṭ

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

न्यायलब्धम् (nyāyalabdham) - lawfully obtained (righteously acquired, justly obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nyāyalabdha

nyāyalabdha - obtained by justice, righteously acquired

Past Passive Participle compound

Compound of nyāya and labdha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nyāya+labdha)

• nyāya – justice, right, rule, method, system
  noun (masculine)
• labdha – obtained, gained, acquired
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root labh (to obtain) + kta
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dānam`.

द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins (dvija) (to the twice-born, to Brahmins, to birds, to teeth)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also a bird, a tooth)

Compound dvi (two) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born) + ḍa
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Indirect object of `dattam` / `prāpaṇīyam`.

पात्रे (pātre) - to a worthy recipient (in a vessel, to a worthy person, in a receptacle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, recipient, worthy person, suitable person

Note: Locative used with dative sense (to whom it is given).

दत्तम् (dattam) - given (given, offered, bestowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, bestowed

Past Passive Participle

From root dā (to give) + kta

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `dānam`.

प्रापणीयम् (prāpaṇīyam) - should be bestowed (to be caused to reach, to be bestowed, to be made to obtain)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpaṇīya

prāpaṇīya - to be caused to reach, to be obtained, to be bestowed

Gerundive

From pra-√āp (to reach, obtain) in causative + anīyar

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Gerundive expressing obligation, agrees with `dānam`.

परीक्ष्य (parīkṣya) - after examining (having examined, having tested, having scrutinized)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From pari-√īkṣ (to look at, examine) + lyap

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive participle.

काम्याष्टम्याम् (kāmyāṣṭamyām) - on an auspicious eighth day (on the desired eighth day, on an auspicious eighth day)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kāmyāṣṭamī

kāmyāṣṭamī - desired eighth day, auspicious eighth day

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāmya+aṣṭamī)

• kāmya – desirable, agreeable, to be wished for, auspicious
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root kam (to desire) + ṇya
  Root: kam (class 1)
• aṣṭamī – the eighth day (of a lunar fortnight)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to a specific ritual day.

वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - one should observe (a practice) (should be acted, should be lived, one should behave)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vartitavya

vartitavya - to be caused to exist, to be acted, to be lived, one should be

Gerundive

From root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) in causative + tavyat

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Gerundive used impersonally (implying 'it should be acted upon').

दशाहम् (daśāham) - for ten days

(indeclinable)

Compound type : dvigu (daśa+ahan)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial accusative of duration.

रसैः (rasaiḥ) - with cow products (like milk/essence) (with juices, essences, tastes, elixirs)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rasa

rasa - juice, essence, taste, fluid, sentiment, elixir

Note: Means 'essences' or 'milk products' from cows in context.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, of oxen)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Possessive, modifies `rasaiḥ`, `śakṛtā`, `prasnavaiḥ`.

शकृता (śakṛtā) - with cow dung (with dung, with excrement)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śakṛt

śakṛt - dung, excrement, faeces

प्रस्नवैः (prasnavaiḥ) - with cow urine (with urine, with dripping, with secretion)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prasnava

prasnava - urine, trickling, oozing, secretion

From pra-√snu (to drip, ooze)

Prefix: pra

Root: snu (class 2)

Note: Refers to cow urine as part of a ritual observance.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.