महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-45

शुद्धो ह्यर्थो नावमन्यः स्वधर्मात्पात्रे देयं देशकालोपपन्ने ।
तस्माद्गावस्ते नित्यमेव प्रदेया मा भूच्च ते संशयः कश्चिदत्र ॥४५॥

45. śuddho hyartho nāvamanyaḥ svadharmā;tpātre deyaṁ deśakālopapanne ,
tasmādgāvaste nityameva pradeyā; mā bhūcca te saṁśayaḥ kaścidatra.

45. śuddhaḥ hi arthaḥ na avamanyaḥ
svadharmāt pātre deyam deśakālopapanne
tasmāt gāvaḥ te nityam eva pradeyāḥ
mā bhūt ca te saṃśayaḥ kaścit atra

45. hi śuddhaḥ arthaḥ svadharmāt na avamanyaḥ.
deśakālopapanne pātre deyam.
tasmāt,
gāvaḥ te nityam eva pradeyāḥ.
ca atra te kaścit saṃśayaḥ mā bhūt.

45. Indeed, pure wealth (artha) should not be disregarded in relation to one's own natural law (dharma). It should be given to a deserving recipient, appropriate to the time and place. Therefore, cows should always be given by you, and let there be no doubt of yours whatsoever in this matter.

Words meanings summery:

• शुद्धः (śuddhaḥ) - pure (pure, clean, holy)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth (artha) (wealth, object, meaning, purpose)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवमन्यः (avamanyaḥ) - should be disregarded (to be despised, to be disregarded)

• स्वधर्मात् (svadharmāt) - in relation to one's own natural law (dharma) (from one's own duty/natural law)

• पात्रे (pātre) - to a deserving recipient (to a recipient, to a deserving person)

• देयम् (deyam) - should be given (to be given, should be given)

• देशकालोपपन्ने (deśakālopapanne) - appropriate to the time and place (suitable for time and place, appropriate for the specific context)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows (cows (plural))

• ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, truly

• प्रदेयाः (pradeyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be given)

• मा (mā) - let there not (do not (prohibitive particle))

• भूत् (bhūt) - be (may there be, let there be (aorist of bhū))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you, by you)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - whatsoever (any, someone, something)

• अत्र (atra) - in this matter (here, in this, regarding this)

Words meanings and morphology

शुद्धः (śuddhaḥ) - pure (pure, clean, holy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuddha

śuddha - pure, clean, clear, holy, righteous

Past Passive Participle

From √śudh (to be pure).

Root: śudh (class 4)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth (artha) (wealth, object, meaning, purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - wealth, property, purpose, meaning, object

Root: arth (class 10)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अवमन्यः (avamanyaḥ) - should be disregarded (to be despised, to be disregarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamanya

avamanya - to be despised, to be disregarded, to be disrespected

Gerundive (karmaṇi prayogya)

From ava + √man (to think, to deem). Expresses what should or must be done/considered. Masculine nominative singular, agreeing with arthaḥ.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Forms a negative injunction with na.

स्वधर्मात् (svadharmāt) - in relation to one's own natural law (dharma) (from one's own duty/natural law)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पात्रे (pātre) - to a deserving recipient (to a recipient, to a deserving person)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, recipient, deserving person, capable person

Root: pā (class 1)

देयम् (deyam) - should be given (to be given, should be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, fit to be given, due, gift

Gerundive (karmaṇi prayogya)

From √dā (to give). Neuter nominative singular, refers to the implied object (wealth, it).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Implies 'it (artha) should be given'.

देशकालोपपन्ने (deśakālopapanne) - appropriate to the time and place (suitable for time and place, appropriate for the specific context)

(adjective)

Dative, neuter, singular of deśakālopapanna

deśakālopapanna - suitable for time and place, appropriate to the circumstances

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deśa+kāla+upapanna)

• deśa – place, country, region
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)
• upapanna – suitable, fit, appropriate, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From upa + √pad (to go, to fall).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with pātre.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb 'therefore'.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows (cows (plural))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, ox, earth, ray of light

ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Functions instrumentally with the gerundive 'pradeyāḥ'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an emphatic particle.

प्रदेयाः (pradeyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pradeya

pradeya - to be given, fit to be given, due, gift

Gerundive (karmaṇi prayogya)

From pra + √dā (to give). Feminine nominative plural, agreeing with gāvaḥ.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

मा (mā) - let there not (do not (prohibitive particle))

(indeclinable)

भूत् (bhūt) - be (may there be, let there be (aorist of bhū))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist Active

From √bhū (to be). 3rd person singular, parasmaipada, aorist tense (luṅ lakāra). Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used with mā to form a prohibitive command: 'let there not be'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (your, to you, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Possessive, refers to saṃśayaḥ.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

From sam + √śī (to lie down, to doubt).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject of mā bhūt.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - whatsoever (any, someone, something)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - anyone, someone, any, some

Compound of ka (who/what) + cit (an indefinite particle).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ka+cit)

• ka – who, what (interrogative pronoun stem)
  pronoun (masculine)
• cit – an indefinite particle, (if any), (some)
  indeclinable

अत्र (atra) - in this matter (here, in this, regarding this)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the context of donating cows.