महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-30

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स्वाध्यायाढ्यो योऽतिमात्रं तपस्वी वैतानस्थो ब्राह्मणः पात्रमासाम् ।
कृच्छ्रोत्सृष्टाः पोषणाभ्यागताश्च द्वारैरेतैर्गोविशेषाः प्रशस्ताः ॥३०॥

30. svādhyāyāḍhyo yo'timātraṁ tapasvī; vaitānastho brāhmaṇaḥ pātramāsām ,
kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇābhyāgatāśca; dvārairetairgoviśeṣāḥ praśastāḥ.

30. svādhyāyāḍhyaḥ yaḥ atimātram tapasvī
vaitānasthaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ pātram
āsām kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇābhyāgatāḥ
ca dvāraiḥ etaiḥ goviśeṣāḥ praśastāḥ

30. brāhmaṇaḥ yaḥ svādhyāyāḍhyaḥ atimātram
tapasvī vaitānasthaḥ āsām pātram
kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇābhyāgatāḥ
ca goviśeṣāḥ etaiḥ dvāraiḥ praśastāḥ

30. A brahmin who is diligent in personal Vedic study (svādhyāya), exceedingly ascetic (tapasvī), and engaged in Vedic rituals (vaitānasthaḥ) is a worthy recipient for these cows. Through these means, specific kinds of cows—those released from hardship and those seeking sustenance—are considered commendable.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

स्वाध्यायाढ्यः (svādhyāyāḍhyaḥ) - rich in self-study; abundant in Vedic recitation

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - excessively, exceedingly; beyond measure

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic; practicing austerities

वैतानस्थः (vaitānasthaḥ) - performing Vedic rituals; engaged in sacrificial rites

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin (member of the priestly class)

पात्रम् (pātram) - a worthy recipient (for a gift of cows) (a worthy recipient; a vessel, container)

आसाम् (āsām) - of these (cows) (of these (feminine plural))

कृच्छ्रोत्सृष्टाः (kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ) - released from difficulty/hardship

पोषणाभ्यागताः (poṣaṇābhyāgatāḥ) - those who have come for sustenance/nurturing

च (ca) - and

द्वारैः (dvāraiḥ) - by these means (by means of doors/gates; by means of ways)

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (means) (by these (masculine/neuter plural))

गोविशेषाः (goviśeṣāḥ) - specific kinds of cows; cows of particular species

प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - praised, commended, excellent

Words meanings and morphology

स्वाध्यायाढ्यः (svādhyāyāḍhyaḥ) - rich in self-study; abundant in Vedic recitation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svādhyāyāḍhya

svādhyāyāḍhya - rich in self-study, diligent in Vedic study, affluent in Vedic recitation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svādhyāya+āḍhya)

svādhyāya – self-study, Vedic recitation
noun (masculine)
āḍhya – rich, wealthy, abundant
adjective (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - excessively, exceedingly; beyond measure

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic; practicing austerities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devoted to austerities, practicing penance

वैतानस्थः (vaitānasthaḥ) - performing Vedic rituals; engaged in sacrificial rites

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaitānastha

vaitānastha - one who maintains the sacred fires, performing Vedic rituals, engaged in sacrificial rites

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaitāna+stha)

vaitāna – relating to the sacred fires, a Vedic ritual
noun (masculine)
stha – standing, existing, being in
adjective (masculine)
From √sthā (to stand)
Root: sthā (class 1)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin (member of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, related to brahman, sacred

पात्रम् (pātram) - a worthy recipient (for a gift of cows) (a worthy recipient; a vessel, container)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, receptacle, worthy recipient, deserving person

आसाम् (āsām) - of these (cows) (of these (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to 'go' (cows).

कृच्छ्रोत्सृष्टाः (kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ) - released from difficulty/hardship

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛcchrotsṛṣṭa

kṛcchrotsṛṣṭa - released with difficulty, abandoned in distress, freed from hardship

Past Passive Participle

Compound of kṛcchra (difficulty) and utsṛṣṭa (released).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛcchra+utsṛṣṭa)

kṛcchra – difficulty, hardship, distress
noun (neuter)
utsṛṣṭa – released, abandoned, given up
adjective (feminine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from ut- √sṛj (to let go, release)
Prefix: ut
Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'goviśeṣāḥ'.

पोषणाभ्यागताः (poṣaṇābhyāgatāḥ) - those who have come for sustenance/nurturing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of poṣaṇābhyāgata

poṣaṇābhyāgata - arrived for nourishment, seeking sustenance, who have come for fostering

Compound of poṣaṇa (nourishment) and abhyāgata (approached, arrived).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (poṣaṇa+abhyāgata)

poṣaṇa – nourishment, fostering, rearing
noun (neuter)
From √puṣ (to nourish)
Root: puṣ (class 4)
abhyāgata – approached, arrived, guest
adjective (feminine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from abhi-ā- √gam (to come near, approach)
Prefixes: abhi+ā
Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'goviśeṣāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

द्वारैः (dvāraiḥ) - by these means (by means of doors/gates; by means of ways)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, entrance, means, way

Note: Used metaphorically as 'means'.

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (means) (by these (masculine/neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these