महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-36

नाचिकेत उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा वैवस्वतवचस्तमहं पुनरब्रुवम् ।
अगोमी गोप्रदातॄणां कथं लोकान्निगच्छति ॥३६॥

36. nāciketa uvāca ,
śrutvā vaivasvatavacastamahaṁ punarabruvam ,
agomī gopradātṝṇāṁ kathaṁ lokānnigacchati.

36. nāciketa uvāca | śrutvā vaivasvatavacaḥ tam aham punar
abruvam | agomī gopradātṝṇām katham lokān nigacchati

36. nāciketa uvāca aham vaivasvatavacaḥ śrutvā tam punar
abruvam agomī gopradātṝṇām lokān katham nigacchati

36. Nāciketa said: Having heard the words of Vaivasvata (Yama), I spoke to him again: 'How does one who has not given cows attain the realms of those who donate cows?'

Words meanings summery:

• नाचिकेत (nāciketa) - Nāciketa (Nāciketa (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• वैवस्वतवचः (vaivasvatavacaḥ) - the words of Vaivasvata (Yama) (words of Vaivasvata, Yama's speech)

• तम् (tam) - to him (Yama) (him, that)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Nāciketa) (I)

• पुनर् (punar) - again (again, anew)

• अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I spoke (I said, I spoke)

• अगोमी (agomī) - one who has not given cows (one who has no cows, one who has not given cows)

• गोप्रदातॄणाम् (gopradātṝṇām) - of those who donate cows (of givers of cows, of cow-donors)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• लोकान् (lokān) - the realms (worlds, realms, people)

• निगच्छति (nigacchati) - attains (he goes to, he attains, he enters)

Words meanings and morphology

नाचिकेत (nāciketa) - Nāciketa (Nāciketa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāciketa

nāciketa - Nāciketa (a sage, hero of the Kaṭha Upaniṣad)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root √śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

वैवस्वतवचः (vaivasvatavacaḥ) - the words of Vaivasvata (Yama) (words of Vaivasvata, Yama's speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaivasvatavacas

vaivasvatavacas - words of Vaivasvata (Yama)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaivasvata+vacas)

• vaivasvata – son of Vivasvat (the sun god), Yama
  proper noun (masculine)
• vacas – word, speech
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

तम् (tam) - to him (Yama) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `abruvam`.

अहम् (aham) - I (Nāciketa) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of `abruvam`.

पुनर् (punar) - again (again, anew)

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I spoke (I said, I spoke)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, from root √brū (also √vac)

Root: brū (class 2)

अगोमी (agomī) - one who has not given cows (one who has no cows, one who has not given cows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agomin

agomin - one who has no cows, one who has not given cows

From a- (negation) + gomin (one who has cows)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+gomin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• gomin – possessing cows, a cow owner
  noun (masculine)
  From go + -in

Note: Subject of `nigacchati`.

गोप्रदातॄणाम् (gopradātṝṇām) - of those who donate cows (of givers of cows, of cow-donors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gopradātṛ

gopradātṛ - giver of cows, cow-donor

Agent Noun

From go + pra-√dā (to give) + -tṛ

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+pradātṛ)

• go – cow
  noun (feminine)
• pradātṛ – giver, donor
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from pra-√dā
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Possessive, indicating the 'worlds' belong to these givers.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Interrogative particle.

लोकान् (lokān) - the realms (worlds, realms, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of `nigacchati`.

निगच्छति (nigacchati) - attains (he goes to, he attains, he enters)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nigam

Present tense, from ni-√gam.

Prefix: ni

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the question.