महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-70, verse-34

गोषु क्षान्तं गोशरण्यं कृतज्ञं वृत्तिग्लानं तादृशं पात्रमाहुः ।
वृत्तिग्लाने संभ्रमे वा महार्थे कृष्यर्थे वा होमहेतोः प्रसूत्याम् ॥३४॥

34. goṣu kṣāntaṁ gośaraṇyaṁ kṛtajñaṁ; vṛttiglānaṁ tādṛśaṁ pātramāhuḥ ,
vṛttiglāne saṁbhrame vā mahārthe; kṛṣyarthe vā homahetoḥ prasūtyām.

34. goṣu kṣāntam gośaraṇyam kṛtajñam
vṛttiglānam tādṛśam pātram āhuḥ |
vṛttiglāne saṃbhrame vā mahārthe
kṛṣyarthe vā homahetoḥ prasūtyām

34. tādṛśam pātram goṣu kṣāntam gośaraṇyam
kṛtajñam vṛttiglānam āhuḥ
vṛttiglāne vā saṃbhrame vā mahārthe vā
kṛṣyarthe vā homahetoḥ prasūtyām

34. They declare a person who is patient with cows, a protector of cows, grateful, and whose livelihood is struggling, to be a worthy recipient. (Cows should be given) when one's livelihood is difficult, or in a time of crisis, or for a great purpose, or for agricultural needs, or for the sake of a Vedic fire ritual (homa), or for childbirth.

Words meanings summery:

• गोषु (goṣu) - towards cows (indicating patience with them) (among cows, towards cows)

• क्षान्तम् (kṣāntam) - patient (with cows) (patient, forbearing, endured)

• गोशरण्यम् (gośaraṇyam) - protector of cows (protector of cows, refuge for cows)

• कृतज्ञम् (kṛtajñam) - grateful (grateful, thankful)

• वृत्तिग्लानम् (vṛttiglānam) - whose livelihood is struggling (distressed in livelihood, impoverished, suffering from difficult means of subsistence)

• तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such a one (with the described qualities) (such a one, of such a kind)

• पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (worthy recipient, deserving person, vessel, bowl)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

• वृत्तिग्लाने (vṛttiglāne) - when one's livelihood is difficult (in distress of livelihood, when livelihood is difficult)

• संभ्रमे (saṁbhrame) - in a time of crisis (in confusion, in bewilderment, in a hurry, in a crisis)

• वा (vā) - or

• महार्थे (mahārthe) - for a significant purpose (for a great purpose, for a great cause)

• कृष्यर्थे (kṛṣyarthe) - for agricultural needs (for the purpose of agriculture)

• वा (vā) - or

• होमहेतोः (homahetoḥ) - for the sake of a Vedic fire ritual (homa) (for the sake of a Vedic fire ritual, for the purpose of a homa)

• प्रसूत्याम् (prasūtyām) - for childbirth (at childbirth, for delivery, for production)

Words meanings and morphology

गोषु (goṣu) - towards cows (indicating patience with them) (among cows, towards cows)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray of light, earth, speech

क्षान्तम् (kṣāntam) - patient (with cows) (patient, forbearing, endured)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣānta

kṣānta - patient, forbearing, endured, pardoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kṣam (to be patient, endure)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, describing the 'worthy recipient' (pātram).

गोशरण्यम् (gośaraṇyam) - protector of cows (protector of cows, refuge for cows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gośaraṇya

gośaraṇya - protector of cows, refuge for cows

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+śaraṇya)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• śaraṇya – refuge, protection, protector
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śṝ

Note: Accusative singular masculine, describing the 'worthy recipient' (pātram).

कृतज्ञम् (kṛtajñam) - grateful (grateful, thankful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, thankful (one who knows what has been done)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, skilled in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, describing the 'worthy recipient' (pātram).

वृत्तिग्लानम् (vṛttiglānam) - whose livelihood is struggling (distressed in livelihood, impoverished, suffering from difficult means of subsistence)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛttiglāna

vṛttiglāna - distressed in livelihood, impoverished, suffering from difficult means of subsistence

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛtti+glāna)

• vṛtti – livelihood, means of subsistence, conduct
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛt
• glāna – weary, exhausted, distressed, faded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √glai
  Root: glai (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, describing the 'worthy recipient' (pātram).

तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such a one (with the described qualities) (such a one, of such a kind)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of such a kind, similar

From tad (that) + dṛś (see) + a (suffix)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, describing the 'worthy recipient' (pātram).

पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (worthy recipient, deserving person, vessel, bowl)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pātra

pātra - worthy recipient, deserving person, vessel, bowl, utensil

Root: pā

Note: Used here in masculine sense for a person.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

Irregular verb, often used in classical Sanskrit. Perfect tense form used with present meaning.

Root: ah (class 2)

वृत्तिग्लाने (vṛttiglāne) - when one's livelihood is difficult (in distress of livelihood, when livelihood is difficult)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vṛttiglāna

vṛttiglāna - distressed in livelihood, impoverished, suffering from difficult means of subsistence

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛtti+glāna)

• vṛtti – livelihood, means of subsistence, conduct
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛt
• glāna – weary, exhausted, distressed, faded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √glai
  Root: glai (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute, or locative of circumstance.

संभ्रमे (saṁbhrame) - in a time of crisis (in confusion, in bewilderment, in a hurry, in a crisis)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃbhrama

saṁbhrama - confusion, agitation, hurry, crisis, respect

From sam-bhram (to wander, to be confused)

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Locative of circumstance.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Used repeatedly to list options.

महार्थे (mahārthe) - for a significant purpose (for a great purpose, for a great cause)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahārtha

mahārtha - great purpose, important matter, high value

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+artha)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of purpose.

कृष्यर्थे (kṛṣyarthe) - for agricultural needs (for the purpose of agriculture)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛṣyārtha

kṛṣyārtha - purpose of agriculture

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛṣi+artha)

• kṛṣi – agriculture, plowing
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛṣ
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of purpose.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Used repeatedly to list options.

होमहेतोः (homahetoḥ) - for the sake of a Vedic fire ritual (homa) (for the sake of a Vedic fire ritual, for the purpose of a homa)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of homahetu

homahetu - cause of a homa, for the sake of a homa

Compound type : tatpurusha (homa+hetu)

• homa – Vedic fire ritual, oblation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hu
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Ablative or genitive of cause/purpose.

प्रसूत्याम् (prasūtyām) - for childbirth (at childbirth, for delivery, for production)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prasūti

prasūti - childbirth, delivery, production, birth

From pra-sū (to bring forth, give birth)

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Locative of purpose/circumstance.