महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-60

हरेज्ज्येष्ठः प्रधानांशमेकं तुल्यासुतेष्वपि ।
मध्यमो मध्यमं चैव कनीयांस्तु कनीयसम् ॥६०॥

60. harejjyeṣṭhaḥ pradhānāṁśamekaṁ tulyāsuteṣvapi ,
madhyamo madhyamaṁ caiva kanīyāṁstu kanīyasam.

60. haret jyeṣṭhaḥ pradhānāṃśam ekam tulyāsuteṣu api
madhyamaḥ madhyamam ca eva kanīyān tu kanīyasam

60. tulyāsuteṣu api jyeṣṭhaḥ ekam pradhānāṃśam haret
ca eva madhyamaḥ madhyamam tu kanīyān kanīyasam

60. The eldest son should inherit one principal share, even among sons born of equal status wives. The middle son should take a middle share, and the youngest a smaller share.

Words meanings summery:

• हरेत् (haret) - should take, should inherit

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest son (the eldest)

• प्रधानांशम् (pradhānāṁśam) - the principal share

• एकम् (ekam) - one additional (one, a unique, a special)

• तुल्यासुतेषु (tulyāsuteṣu) - among sons born of equal status wives (among sons born of equal status, among equally born sons)

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - the middle son

• मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - a middle share

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

• कनीयान् (kanīyān) - the youngest son (the youngest)

• तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

• कनीयसम् (kanīyasam) - a younger share, a smaller share

Words meanings and morphology

हरेत् (haret) - should take, should inherit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hṛ

Optative

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Implicitly applies to the middle and youngest sons as well.

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest son (the eldest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, most excellent, principal

Superlative degree of vṛddha (old/grown)

Note: Subject of 'haret'.

प्रधानांशम् (pradhānāṁśam) - the principal share

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pradhānāṃśa

pradhānāṁśa - principal share, main portion

Compound: pradhāna (principal) + aṃśa (share)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pradhāna+aṃśa)

• pradhāna – principal, chief, foremost
  adjective
• aṃśa – share, portion, part
  noun (masculine)
  From root aṃś (to divide)
  Root: aṃś (class 1)

Note: Object of 'haret'.

एकम् (ekam) - one additional (one, a unique, a special)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'pradhānāṃśam'.

तुल्यासुतेषु (tulyāsuteṣu) - among sons born of equal status wives (among sons born of equal status, among equally born sons)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tulyāsuta

tulyāsuta - a son born of an equal (status) wife, equally born son

Compound: tulya (equal) + suta (son/born)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tulya+suta)

• tulya – equal, similar, comparable
  adjective
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root su (to beget, produce)
  Root: su (class 2)

Note: Refers to sons of wives of the same social class.

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - the middle son

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate

Superlative/ordinal from madhya (middle)

Note: Subject (implied verb 'haret').

मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - a middle share

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate

Superlative/ordinal from madhya (middle)

Note: Object (implied noun 'bhāgam' or 'aṃśam').

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

(indeclinable)

कनीयान् (kanīyān) - the youngest son (the youngest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kanīyas

kanīyas - younger, youngest, smaller, inferior

Comparative degree from kana (small, young) or from a derivative of kana.

Note: Subject (implied verb 'haret').

तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, often introduces a new clause or emphasizes.

कनीयसम् (kanīyasam) - a younger share, a smaller share

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kanīyas

kanīyas - younger, youngest, smaller, inferior

Comparative degree from kana (small, young) or from a derivative of kana.

Note: Object (implied noun 'bhāgam' or 'aṃśam').