महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-29

कस्मात्ते विषमं भागं भजेरन्नृपसत्तम ।
यदा सर्वे त्रयो वर्णास्त्वयोक्ता ब्राह्मणा इति ॥२९॥

29. kasmātte viṣamaṁ bhāgaṁ bhajerannṛpasattama ,
yadā sarve trayo varṇāstvayoktā brāhmaṇā iti.

29. kasmāt te viṣamam bhāgam bhajeran nṛpasattama yadā
sarve trayaḥ varṇāḥ tvayā uktāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ iti

29. nṛpasattama yadā sarve trayaḥ varṇāḥ tvayā brāhmaṇāḥ
iti uktāḥ kasmāt te viṣamam bhāgam bhajeran

29. O best of kings, why should they (the three social classes) receive an unequal share, when all three social classes have been declared by you to be brahmins?

Words meanings summery:

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what reason

• ते (te) - for them, to them

• विषमम् (viṣamam) - unequal, uneven, difficult

• भागम् (bhāgam) - share, portion, part

• भजेरन् (bhajeran) - they should receive, they should enjoy

• नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best of kings

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra) (social classes, colors)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - declared, said, spoken

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brahmins, members of the priestly class

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, in this way)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative singular of the interrogative pronoun, functioning as an indeclinable adverb meaning 'why'.

ते (te) - for them, to them

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विषमम् (viṣamam) - unequal, uneven, difficult

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, unequal, difficult, bad

Note: Modifies 'bhāgam'.

भागम् (bhāgam) - share, portion, part

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāga

bhāga - share, portion, part, division

Root: bhaj (class 1)

भजेरन् (bhajeran) - they should receive, they should enjoy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhaj

Root: bhaj (class 1)

नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies 'varṇāḥ'.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'varṇāḥ'.

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra) (social classes, colors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, social class, caste, character, syllable

Root: vṛ (class 5)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - declared, said, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'varṇāḥ' and acts as a predicate.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, belonging to Brahmā, pertaining to the Brahman

Note: Predicative nominative, describing 'varṇāḥ'.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)