महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-21

यदि वाप्येकपुत्रः स्यादपुत्रो यदि वा भवेत् ।
नाधिकं दशमाद्दद्याच्छूद्रापुत्राय भारत ॥२१॥

21. yadi vāpyekaputraḥ syādaputro yadi vā bhavet ,
nādhikaṁ daśamāddadyācchūdrāputrāya bhārata.

21. yadi vā api ekaputraḥ syāt aputraḥ yadi vā bhavet
na adhikam daśamāt dadyāt śūdrāputrāya bhārata

21. bhārata yadi ekaputraḥ vā api syāt yadi vā aputraḥ
bhavet śūdrāputrāya daśamāt adhikam na dadyāt

21. O Bhārata, whether one has only one son or is without a son, one should not give more than a tenth (of his property) to the son of a śūdra wife.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, when)

• वा (vā) - or (or, and, like)

• अपि (api) - even if, also (also, even, too)

• एकपुत्रः (ekaputraḥ) - having only one son (having one son)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (in a hypothetical sense) (may be, should be, would be)

• अपुत्रः (aputraḥ) - without a son (sonless, childless)

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, when)

• वा (vā) - or (or, and, like)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (in a hypothetical sense) (may be, should be, would be)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - more than (more, excessive, greater)

• दशमात् (daśamāt) - more than a tenth (of the property) (from the tenth)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give)

• शूद्रापुत्राय (śūdrāputrāya) - to the son of a śūdra wife (to the son of a śūdra (woman))

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing a king or noble person) (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if (if, when)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or (or, and, like)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even if, also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

एकपुत्रः (ekaputraḥ) - having only one son (having one son)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekaputra

ekaputra - having one son

Compound type : bahuvrihi (eka+putra)

• eka – one
  numeral adjective (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (in a hypothetical sense) (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अपुत्रः (aputraḥ) - without a son (sonless, childless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aputra

aputra - sonless, childless

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+putra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

यदि (yadi) - if (if, when)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or (or, and, like)

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (in a hypothetical sense) (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अधिकम् (adhikam) - more than (more, excessive, greater)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhika

adhika - more, excessive, greater

Note: Used as an adverb 'more'.

दशमात् (daśamāt) - more than a tenth (of the property) (from the tenth)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of daśama

daśama - tenth

Note: Used as a noun referring to the tenth part. Ablative signifies 'from' or 'than' when comparing.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: From root DAA (class 3)

शूद्रापुत्राय (śūdrāputrāya) - to the son of a śūdra wife (to the son of a śūdra (woman))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of śūdrāputra

śūdrāputra - son of a śūdra woman

Compound type : tatpurusha (śūdrā+putra)

• śūdrā – a woman of the śūdra class
  noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing a king or noble person) (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata