महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-51

एकैव हि भवेद्भार्या वैश्यस्य कुरुनन्दन ।
द्वितीया वा भवेच्छूद्रा न तु दृष्टान्ततः स्मृता ॥५१॥

51. ekaiva hi bhavedbhāryā vaiśyasya kurunandana ,
dvitīyā vā bhavecchūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā.

51. ekā eva hi bhavet bhāryā vaiśyasya kurunandana |
dvitīyā vā bhavet śūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā

51. hi kurunandana vaiśyasya ekā eva bhāryā bhavet vā
dvitīyā śūdrā bhavet tu sā dṛṣṭāntataḥ na smṛtā

51. Indeed, for a Vaiśya, O descendent of Kuru, there should only be one wife. Or, a second (wife) might be a Śūdrā, but she is not traditionally recognized by precedent.

Words meanings summery:

• एका (ekā) - a single (wife) (one, a single)

• एव (eva) - only (only, indeed, just)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - there should be (it should be, it would be)

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for a Vaiśya (genitive of relationship) (of a Vaiśya)

• कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O descendent of Kuru (a common epithet in the Mahabharata) (O delight of the Kurus, O son of Kuru)

• द्वितीया (dvitīyā) - a second (wife) (second, a second one)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - might be (it should be, it would be)

• शूद्रा (śūdrā) - a Śūdrā woman (as a potential second wife) (a Śūdrā woman)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

• दृष्टान्ततः (dṛṣṭāntataḥ) - by precedent, traditionally (by example, by precedent, according to custom)

• स्मृता (smṛtā) - recognized (as a proper wife) (remembered, considered, recognized)

Words meanings and morphology

एका (ekā) - a single (wife) (one, a single)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique

Numeral adjective

एव (eva) - only (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

Particle, emphasizing or indicating a reason.

भवेत् (bhavet) - there should be (it should be, it would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, active voice

3rd person singular, optative, parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman who is to be nourished/supported

Gerundive (Ppp) from bhṛ (to bear, support)

Feminine form of gerundive `bhārya`.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of `bhavet`.

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for a Vaiśya (genitive of relationship) (of a Vaiśya)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a man of the Vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

From viś (people, settlement)

कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O descendent of Kuru (a common epithet in the Mahabharata) (O delight of the Kurus, O son of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurunandana

kurunandana - delight of the Kurus, son of Kuru, descendent of Kuru

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – name of an ancient king and his dynasty; the Kurus
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delight, son, child
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

द्वितीया (dvitīyā) - a second (wife) (second, a second one)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second (ordinal number)

Formed from dvi (two) + -tīya (suffix for ordinal numbers)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

भवेत् (bhavet) - might be (it should be, it would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, active voice

3rd person singular, optative, parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

शूद्रा (śūdrā) - a Śūdrā woman (as a potential second wife) (a Śūdrā woman)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śūdrā

śūdrā - a woman of the Śūdra (laborer) class

Feminine form of śūdra

Note: Subject of `bhavet`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle

दृष्टान्ततः (dṛṣṭāntataḥ) - by precedent, traditionally (by example, by precedent, according to custom)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -taḥ from dṛṣṭānta (example, precedent)

स्मृता (smṛtā) - recognized (as a proper wife) (remembered, considered, recognized)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.