महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-58

ज्येष्ठस्य भागो ज्येष्ठः स्यादेकांशो यः प्रधानतः ।
एष दायविधिः पार्थ पूर्वमुक्तः स्वयंभुवा ॥५८॥

58. jyeṣṭhasya bhāgo jyeṣṭhaḥ syādekāṁśo yaḥ pradhānataḥ ,
eṣa dāyavidhiḥ pārtha pūrvamuktaḥ svayaṁbhuvā.

58. jyeṣṭhasya bhāgaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ syāt ekāṃśaḥ yaḥ pradhānataḥ
eṣaḥ dāyavidhiḥ pārtha pūrvam uktaḥ svayaṃbhuvā

58. pārtha jyeṣṭhasya bhāgaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ syāt yaḥ pradhānataḥ
ekāṃśaḥ eṣaḥ dāyavidhiḥ svayaṃbhuvā pūrvam uktaḥ

58. The share of the eldest son should be the principal one, which is essentially a special additional portion. This law of inheritance, O Pārtha, was previously declared by Svayambhu.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the eldest son (of the eldest, of the principal)

• भागः (bhāgaḥ) - share, portion

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - largest, principal, eldest

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• एकांशः (ekāṁśaḥ) - a single share, a special share, an additional share

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• प्रधानतः (pradhānataḥ) - primarily, principally, essentially

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• दायविधिः (dāyavidhiḥ) - law of inheritance, rule of partition

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, before

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - declared, spoken, said

• स्वयंभुवा (svayaṁbhuvā) - by Svayambhu, by Brahma

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the eldest son (of the eldest, of the principal)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, most excellent, principal

Superlative degree of vṛddha (old/grown)

भागः (bhāgaḥ) - share, portion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāga

bhāga - share, portion, part, division

From root bhaj (to divide, share)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - largest, principal, eldest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, most excellent, principal

Superlative degree of vṛddha (old/grown)

Note: Qualifies bhāgaḥ.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

एकांशः (ekāṁśaḥ) - a single share, a special share, an additional share

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekāṃśa

ekāṁśa - a single share, one part, a special share

Compound: eka (one) + aṃśa (share)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+aṃśa)

• eka – one, a single, unique
  numeral
• aṃśa – share, portion, part, degree
  noun (masculine)
  From root aṃś (to divide, share)
  Root: aṃś (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate nominative.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to 'bhāgaḥ' or 'ekāṃśaḥ'.

प्रधानतः (pradhānataḥ) - primarily, principally, essentially

(indeclinable)

Derived from pradhāna (chief, principal) + tasil (ablative suffix, here used adverbially)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to the law of inheritance.

दायविधिः (dāyavidhiḥ) - law of inheritance, rule of partition

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāyavidhi

dāyavidhi - law of inheritance, rule of partition of property

Compound: dāya (inheritance) + vidhi (rule, law)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāya+vidhi)

• dāya – inheritance, share, gift
  noun (masculine)
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• vidhi – rule, law, ordinance, method
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā (to place) with vi- prefix
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Patronymic of Pṛthā

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, before

(indeclinable)

Also functions as an indeclinable adverb in neuter accusative singular.

Note: Adverbial form.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - declared, spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) + kta (P.P.P. suffix). Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'dāyavidhiḥ'.

स्वयंभुवा (svayaṁbhuvā) - by Svayambhu, by Brahma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svayaṃbhu

svayaṁbhu - self-existent, self-born, an epithet of Brahma

Compound: svayam (self) + bhū (being)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – self, by oneself, spontaneously
  indeclinable
• bhū – being, existence, becoming
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'uktaḥ'.