महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-27

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
शूद्रायां ब्राह्मणाज्जातो यद्यदेयधनः स्मृतः ।
केन प्रतिविशेषेण दशमोऽप्यस्य दीयते ॥२७॥

27. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śūdrāyāṁ brāhmaṇājjāto yadyadeyadhanaḥ smṛtaḥ ,
kena prativiśeṣeṇa daśamo'pyasya dīyate.

27. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca śūdrāyām brāhmaṇāt jātaḥ yat adeyadhanaḥ
smṛtaḥ kena prativiśeṣeṇa daśamaḥ api asya dīyate

27. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca yat brāhmaṇāt śūdrāyām jātaḥ adeyadhanaḥ
smṛtaḥ kena prativiśeṣeṇa asya api daśamaḥ dīyate

27. Yudhiṣṭhira said: If a son born to a Brāhmaṇa from a Śūdra woman is considered not entitled to property, then by what special rule is even a tenth part given to him?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - from a Śūdra woman (as mother) (in a Śūdra woman, from a Śūdra woman)

• ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a Brāhmaṇa (father) (from a Brāhmaṇa)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

• यत् (yat) - if, which

• अदेयधनः (adeyadhanaḥ) - one whose wealth is not to be given, not entitled to property

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, declared

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• प्रतिविशेषेण (prativiśeṣeṇa) - by a special distinction, by a special rule

• दशमः (daśamaḥ) - tenth, a tenth part

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अस्य (asya) - of him, to him

• दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - from a Śūdra woman (as mother) (in a Śūdra woman, from a Śūdra woman)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrā

śūdrā - a woman of the Śūdra class

ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a Brāhmaṇa (father) (from a Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a member of the Brāhmaṇa varṇa, a priest, learned man

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, existing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the son

यत् (yat) - if, which

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as a conditional particle 'if'

अदेयधनः (adeyadhanaḥ) - one whose wealth is not to be given, not entitled to property

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adeyadhana

adeyadhana - one whose property is not to be given, not entitled to property

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+deya+dhana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• deya – to be given, due, fit to be given
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'dā' (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• dhana – wealth, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the son

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, thought of, declared, considered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'smṛ' (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jātaḥ'

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

प्रतिविशेषेण (prativiśeṣeṇa) - by a special distinction, by a special rule

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prativiśeṣa

prativiśeṣa - special distinction, peculiar attribute, specific rule

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+viśeṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in return
  indeclinable
  Prefix or preposition
• viśeṣa – distinction, particularity, special kind
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi

दशमः (daśamaḥ) - tenth, a tenth part

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśama

daśama - tenth

Ordinal number derived from 'daśan' (ten)

Note: Refers to a tenth share/part

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him, to him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the son born of Brāhmaṇa and Śūdra

दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dā

present passive

Root: dā (class 3)