महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-30

भीष्म उवाच ।
दारा इत्युच्यते लोके नाम्नैकेन परंतप ।
प्रोक्तेन चैकनाम्नायं विशेषः सुमहान्भवेत् ॥३०॥

30. bhīṣma uvāca ,
dārā ityucyate loke nāmnaikena paraṁtapa ,
proktena caikanāmnāyaṁ viśeṣaḥ sumahānbhavet.

30. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca dārāḥ iti ucyate loke nāmnā ekena paraṃtapa
proktena ca ekanāmnā ayam viśeṣaḥ sumahān bhavet

30. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca paraṃtapa loke dārāḥ iti ekena nāmnā
ucyate ca proktena ekanāmnā ayam sumahān viśeṣaḥ bhavet

30. Bhishma said: "O scorcher of foes, the word 'dārāḥ' (wives) is used in the world by a single name. And from this one declared name, a very great distinction would arise."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives (grammatically masc. plural but meaning 'wife' or 'wives')

• इति (iti) - marks the word 'dārāḥ' as a quoted term (thus, so)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

• एकेन (ekena) - by one, by a single

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes

• प्रोक्तेन (proktena) - by that which is declared/spoken

• च (ca) - and, also

• एकनाम्ना (ekanāmnā) - by one name, by a single designation

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction, difference, peculiarity

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very mighty

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be, might be

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata), terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives (grammatically masc. plural but meaning 'wife' or 'wives')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (grammatically masculine plural)

इति (iti) - marks the word 'dārāḥ' as a quoted term (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

Root: lok (class 10)

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, designation

एकेन (ekena) - by one, by a single

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with nāmnā.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of enemies, subduer of foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – burning, heating, tormenting, one who burns/scorches
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, burn)
  Root: tap (class 1)

प्रोक्तेन (proktena) - by that which is declared/spoken

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - said, spoken, declared, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'pra-' (prefix) + root 'vac' (to speak)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'ekanāmnā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एकनाम्ना (ekanāmnā) - by one name, by a single designation

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ekanāman

ekanāman - one name, single designation

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+nāman)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (neuter)
• nāman – name, designation
  noun (neuter)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (proximate demonstrative pronoun)

विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction, difference, peculiarity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, particularity, specific quality

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, enormous, immense

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'viśeṣaḥ'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be, might be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)