महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-59

समवर्णासु जातानां विशेषोऽस्त्यपरो नृप ।
विवाहवैशेष्यकृतः पूर्वः पूर्वो विशिष्यते ॥५९॥

59. samavarṇāsu jātānāṁ viśeṣo'styaparo nṛpa ,
vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ pūrvaḥ pūrvo viśiṣyate.

59. samavarṇāsu jātānām viśeṣaḥ asti aparaḥ nṛpa
vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ pūrvaḥ pūrvaḥ viśiṣyate

59. nṛpa samavarṇāsu jātānām aparaḥ viśeṣaḥ asti
vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ pūrvaḥ pūrvaḥ viśiṣyate

59. Among sons born to wives of the same social class (varṇa), O king, there is another distinction, which is created by the specific order of marriages. The one from an earlier marriage is considered superior.

Words meanings summery:

• समवर्णासु (samavarṇāsu) - in wives of the same social class (in those of the same social class, in women of the same social class)

• जातानाम् (jātānām) - of sons born (of those born, of sons born)

• विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction, difference, peculiarity

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another, other

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• विवाहवैशेष्यकृतः (vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ) - created by the distinctions of marriage, resulting from marriage-specific features

• पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - the earlier, the first

• पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - the earlier, the first

• विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is distinguished, is superior, excels

Words meanings and morphology

समवर्णासु (samavarṇāsu) - in wives of the same social class (in those of the same social class, in women of the same social class)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of samavarṇā

samavarṇā - a woman of the same social class (varṇa)

Compound: sama (same) + varṇa (social class/color)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sama+varṇa)

• sama – same, equal, similar
  adjective
• varṇa – color, outer appearance, social class, caste
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to wives.

जातानाम् (jātānām) - of sons born (of those born, of sons born)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, grown, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to sons.

विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction, difference, peculiarity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, particularity, peculiarity, special quality

From root śiṣ (to distinguish) with vi- prefix

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another, other

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior

Note: Qualifies 'viśeṣaḥ'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

विवाहवैशेष्यकृतः (vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ) - created by the distinctions of marriage, resulting from marriage-specific features

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛta

vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛta - caused by the specialties of marriage, made by distinctions of marriage

Past Passive Participle (as last part of compound)

Compound: vivāha (marriage) + vaiśeṣya (distinction) + kṛta (made)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vivāha+vaiśeṣya+kṛta)

• vivāha – marriage, wedding
  noun (masculine)
  From root vah (to carry) with vi- prefix
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vah (class 1)
• vaiśeṣya – distinction, peculiarity, special feature
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from viśeṣa
• kṛta – made, done, caused
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - the earlier, the first

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - previous, prior, former, earlier

पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - the earlier, the first

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - previous, prior, former, earlier

विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is distinguished, is superior, excels

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śiṣ

Present

3rd person singular, present indicative, passive voice. From root śiṣ with vi- prefix.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Literally 'is distinguished (as better)'.