महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-50

वैश्यापुत्रस्तु भागांस्त्रीन्शूद्रापुत्रस्तथाष्टमम् ।
सोऽपि दत्तं हरेत्पित्रा नादत्तं हर्तुमर्हति ॥५०॥

50. vaiśyāputrastu bhāgāṁstrīnśūdrāputrastathāṣṭamam ,
so'pi dattaṁ haretpitrā nādattaṁ hartumarhati.

50. vaiśyāputraḥ tu bhāgān trīn śūdrāputraḥ tathā aṣṭamam
| saḥ api dattam haret pitrā na adattam hartum arhati

50. vaiśyāputraḥ tu trīn bhāgān tathā śūdrāputraḥ aṣṭamam
saḥ api pitrā dattam haret na adattam hartum arhati

50. However, a son born to a Vaiśyā woman (receives) three shares, and similarly, a son born to a Śūdrā woman (receives) an eighth share. He should take only what was given by his father; he is not entitled to take what was not explicitly given.

Words meanings summery:

• वैश्यापुत्रः (vaiśyāputraḥ) - the son born to a Vaiśyā woman (son of a Vaiśyā)

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

• भागान् (bhāgān) - shares (of inheritance) (shares, portions)

• त्रीन् (trīn) - three (shares) (three)

• शूद्रापुत्रः (śūdrāputraḥ) - the son born to a Śūdrā woman (son of a Śūdrā)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, likewise, similarly)

• अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - an eighth share (understood as neuter singular accusative, referring to a portion) (eighth)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the son, referring to both previous cases) (he, that)

• अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - that which was given (by the father) (given, granted)

• हरेत् (haret) - he should take (what was given) (he should take, he should seize, he should inherit)

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by his father (by the father)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अदत्तम् (adattam) - that which was not given (by the father) (not given, not granted)

• हर्तुम् (hartum) - to take (to inherit or claim) (to take, to seize)

• अर्हति (arhati) - he is entitled (he is able, he deserves, he is entitled)

Words meanings and morphology

वैश्यापुत्रः (vaiśyāputraḥ) - the son born to a Vaiśyā woman (son of a Vaiśyā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśyāputra

vaiśyāputra - son of a Vaiśyā woman

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaiśyā+putra)

• vaiśyā – a woman of the Vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine of vaiśya
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of an implied verb (e.g., 'receives').

तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle

भागान् (bhāgān) - shares (of inheritance) (shares, portions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhāga

bhāga - share, portion, division, part

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb 'receives'.

त्रीन् (trīn) - three (shares) (three)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tri

tri - three

Numeral adjective

Note: Agrees with `bhāgān`.

शूद्रापुत्रः (śūdrāputraḥ) - the son born to a Śūdrā woman (son of a Śūdrā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdrāputra

śūdrāputra - son of a Śūdrā woman

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdrā+putra)

• śūdrā – a woman of the Śūdra (laborer) class
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine of śūdra
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of an implied verb (e.g., 'receives').

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, likewise, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb

अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - an eighth share (understood as neuter singular accusative, referring to a portion) (eighth)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aṣṭama

aṣṭama - eighth (ordinal number)

Formed from aṣṭa (eight) + -ma (suffix for ordinal numbers)

Note: Object of implied verb 'receives'.

सः (saḥ) - he (the son, referring to both previous cases) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the son, generally.

अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

दत्तम् (dattam) - that which was given (by the father) (given, granted)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

हरेत् (haret) - he should take (what was given) (he should take, he should seize, he should inherit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ

Optative mood, active voice

3rd person singular, optative, parasmaipada

Root: hṛ (class 1)

पित्रा (pitrā) - by his father (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Agent of the giving.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अदत्तम् (adattam) - that which was not given (by the father) (not given, not granted)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adatta

adatta - not given, not granted

Past Passive Participle with negative prefix

From root dā (to give) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+datta)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• datta – given, granted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

हर्तुम् (hartum) - to take (to inherit or claim) (to take, to seize)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially or as a verbal noun.

अर्हति (arhati) - he is entitled (he is able, he deserves, he is entitled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, active voice

3rd person singular, present indicative, parasmaipada

Root: arh (class 1)