महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-47, verse-52

वैश्यस्य वर्तमानस्य वैश्यायां भरतर्षभ ।
शूद्रायां चैव कौन्तेय तयोर्विनियमः स्मृतः ॥५२॥

52. vaiśyasya vartamānasya vaiśyāyāṁ bharatarṣabha ,
śūdrāyāṁ caiva kaunteya tayorviniyamaḥ smṛtaḥ.

52. vaiśyasya vartamānasya vaiśyāyām bharatarṣabha |
śūdrāyām ca eva kaunteya tayoḥ viniyamaḥ smṛtaḥ

52. bharatarṣabha kaunteya vartamānasya vaiśyasya
vaiśyāyām ca eva śūdrāyām tayoḥ viniyamaḥ smṛtaḥ

52. Regarding a Vaiśya living with (wives), O bull among the Bharatas, a specific regulation concerning a Vaiśyā wife and a Śūdrā wife is declared, O son of Kuntī.

Words meanings summery:

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya (man) (of a Vaiśya)

• वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of a Vaiśya who is living (with wives) (of one who is existing, being present, living)

• वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - regarding a Vaiśyā wife (in a Vaiśyā woman)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas (epithet for a great warrior/leader) (O bull of the Bharatas, O foremost among Bharatas)

• शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - regarding a Śūdrā wife (in a Śūdrā woman)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the 'and') (only, indeed, just)

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kuntī (Arjuna) (O son of Kuntī)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - for the two (types of wives mentioned, Vaiśyā and Śūdrā) (of the two, for the two)

• विनियमः (viniyamaḥ) - a specific regulation (rule, regulation, restriction)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is declared, is traditionally known (remembered, considered, declared)

Words meanings and morphology

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya (man) (of a Vaiśya)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a man of the Vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

From viś (people, settlement)

Note: Agrees with `vartamānasya`.

वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of a Vaiśya who is living (with wives) (of one who is existing, being present, living)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current

Present Active Participle

From root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn) with śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - regarding a Vaiśyā wife (in a Vaiśyā woman)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vaiśyā

vaiśyā - a woman of the Vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

Feminine form of vaiśya

Note: Locative case indicating 'concerning' or 'in the matter of'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas (epithet for a great warrior/leader) (O bull of the Bharatas, O foremost among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, foremost among Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (an ancient king), a member of the Bharata lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - regarding a Śūdrā wife (in a Śūdrā woman)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrā

śūdrā - a woman of the Śūdra (laborer) class

Feminine form of śūdra

Note: Locative case indicating 'concerning' or 'in the matter of'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the 'and') (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kuntī (Arjuna) (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, referring to Arjuna

patronymic

Derived from Kuntī by addition of -eya suffix

तयोः (tayoḥ) - for the two (types of wives mentioned, Vaiśyā and Śūdrā) (of the two, for the two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Could also be locative dual, but genitive makes more sense with `viniyamaḥ` "a rule OF them".

विनियमः (viniyamaḥ) - a specific regulation (rule, regulation, restriction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniyama

viniyama - rule, regulation, restriction, restraint

From prefix vi- + ni- + root yam (to control, regulate)

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Subject of `smṛtaḥ`.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is declared, is traditionally known (remembered, considered, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, mentioned, declared (in sacred texts)

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective, functions as part of a passive verb 'is declared'.