महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-323, verse-53

एवं सुतपसा चैव हव्यकव्यैस्तथैव च ।
देवोऽस्माभिर्न दृष्टः स कथं त्वं द्रष्टुमर्हसि ।
नारायणो महद्भूतं विश्वसृग्घव्यकव्यभुक् ॥५३॥

53. evaṁ sutapasā caiva havyakavyaistathaiva ca ,
devo'smābhirna dṛṣṭaḥ sa kathaṁ tvaṁ draṣṭumarhasi ,
nārāyaṇo mahadbhūtaṁ viśvasṛgghavyakavyabhuk.

53. evam sutapasā ca eva havyakavyaiḥ tatha
eva ca devaḥ asmābhiḥ na dṛṣṭaḥ saḥ
katham tvam draṣṭum arhasi nārāyaṇaḥ
mahat bhūtam viśvasṛk havyakavyabhuk

53. evam sutapasā ca eva havyakavyaiḥ tatha
eva ca saḥ devaḥ asmābhiḥ na dṛṣṭaḥ
tvam katham draṣṭum arhasi nārāyaṇaḥ
mahat bhūtam viśvasṛk havyakavyabhuk

53. Therefore, even with great asceticism (tapas) and offerings to gods and ancestors, the deity has not been seen by us. How, then, can you be able to see him? Nārāyaṇa is the great being (bhūtam), the creator of the universe, and the enjoyer of offerings to gods and ancestors.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - therefore (thus; in this manner; so)

• सुतपसा (sutapasā) - by great asceticism (tapas) (by great asceticism; through excellent penance)

• च (ca) - and (and; also)

• एव (eva) - even; indeed (indeed; only; just)

• हव्यकव्यैः (havyakavyaiḥ) - by offerings to gods and ancestors

• तथ (tatha) - likewise; and also (thus; so; in that manner)

• एव (eva) - even; indeed (indeed; only; just)

• च (ca) - and (and; also)

• देवः (devaḥ) - the deity (god; deity; divine being)

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• न (na) - not (not; nor; like)

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen (seen; perceived; observed)

• सः (saḥ) - him (referring to the deity) (he; that)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how; in what manner; why)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see (to see; to perceive)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able (you are able; you deserve; you ought)

• नारायणः (nārāyaṇaḥ) - Nārāyaṇa (Nārāyaṇa (a name of Vishnu))

• महत् (mahat) - great (great; large; mighty)

• भूतम् (bhūtam) - being (bhūtam) (being; creature; element; past)

• विश्वसृक् (viśvasṛk) - creator of the universe (creator of the universe; world-creator)

• हव्यकव्यभुक् (havyakavyabhuk) - enjoyer of offerings to gods and ancestors

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - therefore (thus; in this manner; so)

(indeclinable)

सुतपसा (sutapasā) - by great asceticism (tapas) (by great asceticism; through excellent penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sutapas

sutapas - excellent asceticism, great penance

su- (good/great) + tapas (asceticism)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+tapas)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• tapas – heat, asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which the deity might be seen.

च (ca) - and (and; also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - even; indeed (indeed; only; just)

(indeclinable)

हव्यकव्यैः (havyakavyaiḥ) - by offerings to gods and ancestors

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of havyakavya

havyakavya - oblations to gods (havya) and offerings to ancestors (kavya)

Compound type : dvandva (copulative) (havya+kavya)

• havya – offering to gods, oblation
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from hu (root) + ya (suffix)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• kavya – offering to ancestors, ancestral offering
  noun (neuter)
  from kavi (poet, wise) + ya (suffix) meaning 'what pertains to kavya or ancestors'

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating means.

तथ (tatha) - likewise; and also (thus; so; in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - even; indeed (indeed; only; just)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and; also)

(indeclinable)

देवः (devaḥ) - the deity (god; deity; divine being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine, celestial

Root: div (class 4)

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Indicates the agent in a passive construction.

न (na) - not (not; nor; like)

(indeclinable)

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen (seen; perceived; observed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed, visible

Past Passive Participle

from dṛś (root) + ta (suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - him (referring to the deity) (he; that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Used here in the sense of "that (him)" as the object of draṣṭum.

कथम् (katham) - how (how; in what manner; why)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Subject of arhasi.

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see (to see; to perceive)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

from dṛś (root) + tumun (suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Governed by arhasi.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able (you are able; you deserve; you ought)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense, 2nd Person Singular, Parasmaipada

from arh (root) + asi (2nd sg ending)

Root: arh (class 1)

नारायणः (nārāyaṇaḥ) - Nārāyaṇa (Nārāyaṇa (a name of Vishnu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārāyaṇa

nārāyaṇa - name of Vishnu; son of Nara; resting on the waters

from nara (man) + ayana (path/resting place), often interpreted as "residing in human beings" or "resting on the waters".

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ayana)

• nara – man, human being, eternal Spirit
  noun (masculine)
• ayana – going, path, course, resting place
  noun (neuter)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of the following attributes.

महत् (mahat) - great (great; large; mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Present Active Participle

from mah (root) + at (suffix)

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Used as an attribute of Nārāyaṇa, specifically describing the bhūtam.

भूतम् (bhūtam) - being (bhūtam) (being; creature; element; past)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, existing, past, pure

Past Passive Participle

from bhū (root) + ta (suffix)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative describing Nārāyaṇa.

विश्वसृक् (viśvasṛk) - creator of the universe (creator of the universe; world-creator)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvasṛj

viśvasṛj - creator of the universe, world-creator

viśva (all) + sṛj (to create)

Compound type : tatpurusha (viśva+sṛj)

• viśva – all, whole, entire, universe
  noun (neuter)
• sṛj – to create, to emit, to abandon
  verb
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Predicate nominative describing Nārāyaṇa.

हव्यकव्यभुक् (havyakavyabhuk) - enjoyer of offerings to gods and ancestors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of havyakavyabhuj

havyakavyabhuj - one who eats/enjoys havya (offerings to gods) and kavya (offerings to ancestors)

havyakavya (oblations to gods and ancestors) + bhuj (to eat/enjoy)

Compound type : tatpurusha (havya+kavya+bhuj)

• havya – offering to gods, oblation
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from hu (root) + ya (suffix)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• kavya – offering to ancestors, ancestral offering
  noun (neuter)
  from kavi (poet, wise) + ya (suffix)
• bhuj – to eat, to enjoy, to protect
  verb
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate nominative describing Nārāyaṇa.