महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-323, verse-50

महत्कार्यं तु कर्तव्यं युष्माभिर्द्विजसत्तमाः ।
इतः कृतयुगेऽतीते विपर्यासं गतेऽपि च ॥५०॥

50. mahatkāryaṁ tu kartavyaṁ yuṣmābhirdvijasattamāḥ ,
itaḥ kṛtayuge'tīte viparyāsaṁ gate'pi ca.

50. mahat kāryam tu kartavyam yuṣmābhiḥ dvijasattamāḥ
itaḥ kṛtayuge atīte viparyāsam gate api ca

50. dvijasattamāḥ yuṣmābhiḥ mahat kāryam tu kartavyam
itaḥ kṛtayuge atīte api viparyāsam gate ca

50. O best among the twice-born (dvija), a great task must be accomplished by you. Even after the Kṛtayuga has passed from here and a reversal (viparyāsa) has occurred.

Words meanings summery:

• महत् (mahat) - great, important

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, thing to be done

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - must be done, ought to be done

• युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you (plural)

• द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - O best among the twice-born

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

• कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - in the Kṛtayuga

• अतीते (atīte) - having passed, having elapsed

• विपर्यासम् (viparyāsam) - reversal, opposite condition, perversion

• गते (gate) - having gone, having attained, having occurred

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

महत् (mahat) - great, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Stem form, used as a neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kāryam'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, thing to be done

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, task

Gerundive

From root √kṛ (to do) + -ya suffix. Used substantively.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - must be done, ought to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive

From root √kṛ (to do) + -tavya suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses obligation.

युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you (plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the gerundive 'kartavyam'.

द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - O best among the twice-born

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born

From dvija (twice-born) + sattama (best of, superlative of sant).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (twice) + √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of sat (good, existing)
  Root: as (class 2)

इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

(indeclinable)

कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - in the Kṛtayuga

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛtayuga

kṛtayuga - the Kṛtayuga (the first and best of the four ages in Hindu cosmology)

From kṛta (done, made, perfect) + yuga (age).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛta+yuga)

• kṛta – done, made, perfect, (in compounds) finished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṛ (to do) + kta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yuga – age, epoch, yoke
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

अतीते (atīte) - having passed, having elapsed

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of atīta

atīta - passed, gone by, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

From ati-√i (to go beyond, pass) + kta.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

विपर्यासम् (viparyāsam) - reversal, opposite condition, perversion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viparyāsa

viparyāsa - reversal, inverted order, change, perversion, misconception

From vi-pari-√as (to throw around, reverse).

Root: as (class 4)

गते (gate) - having gone, having attained, having occurred

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained, fallen into, having occurred

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go) + kta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implies 'when a reversal has come to be'.

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two locative absolute phrases.