महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-318, verse-54

न ह्येष क्षयमाप्नोति सोमः सुरगणैर्यथा ।
कम्पितः पतते भूमिं पुनश्चैवाधिरोहति ।
क्षीयते हि सदा सोमः पुनश्चैवाभिपूर्यते ॥५४॥

54. na hyeṣa kṣayamāpnoti somaḥ suragaṇairyathā ,
kampitaḥ patate bhūmiṁ punaścaivādhirohati ,
kṣīyate hi sadā somaḥ punaścaivābhipūryate.

54. na hi eṣa kṣayam āpnoti somaḥ suragaṇaiḥ
yathā kampitaḥ patate bhūmim
punaḥ ca eva adhirohati kṣīyate hi
sadā somaḥ punaḥ ca eva abhipūryate

54. Indeed, this (self, ātman) does not meet with destruction. Just as the moon (Soma), even if disturbed by the hosts of gods, may appear to fall to earth, it always rises again. For the moon (Soma) constantly wanes and is surely replenished anew.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

• एष (eṣa) - this (self, ātman) (this, this one)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decay (decay, destruction, loss)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - does not suffer (attains, reaches, obtains)

• सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon (Soma) (moon, Soma (divine drink, deity))

• सुरगणैः (suragaṇaiḥ) - by the hosts of gods (by hosts of gods, by groups of deities)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

• कम्पितः (kampitaḥ) - when agitated (shaken, agitated, trembling)

• पतते (patate) - falls (falls, flies down)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - to the earth (earth, ground, land)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, moreover)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - surely (indeed, only, just, quite)

• अधिरोहति (adhirohati) - ascends (ascends, climbs up, rises)

• क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - wanes (decays, wastes away, diminishes, wanes)

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, because, for)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, ever)

• सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon (Soma) (moon, Soma (divine drink, deity))

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, moreover)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - surely (indeed, only, just, quite)

• अभिपूर्यते (abhipūryate) - is replenished (is filled up, is replenished, is completed)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

एष (eṣa) - this (self, ātman) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, this one

Note: Refers to the ātman mentioned in previous verses.

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decay (decay, destruction, loss)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - decay, destruction, loss

From root kṣi (to decay)

Root: kṣi (class 1)

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - does not suffer (attains, reaches, obtains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present Tense, 3rd Person, Singular

Root āp (to obtain) + no (class 5 suffix) + ti (3rd person singular ending)

Root: āp (class 5)

सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon (Soma) (moon, Soma (divine drink, deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - moon, Soma (divine drink, deity)

सुरगणैः (suragaṇaiḥ) - by the hosts of gods (by hosts of gods, by groups of deities)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suragaṇa

suragaṇa - host of gods, group of deities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+gaṇa)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – host, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

कम्पितः (kampitaḥ) - when agitated (shaken, agitated, trembling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kampita

kampita - shaken, agitated, trembling

Past Passive Participle

From root kamp (to tremble, to shake)

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with somaḥ

पतते (patate) - falls (falls, flies down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Tense, 3rd Person, Singular, Middle Voice

Root pat (to fall) + ate (middle voice ending)

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - to the earth (earth, ground, land)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, moreover)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - surely (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

अधिरोहति (adhirohati) - ascends (ascends, climbs up, rises)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ruh

Present Tense, 3rd Person, Singular

Prefix adhi + root ruh (to ascend) + ti (3rd person singular ending)

Prefix: adhi

Root: ruh (class 1)

क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - wanes (decays, wastes away, diminishes, wanes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kṣi

Present Tense, 3rd Person, Singular, Passive Voice

Root kṣi (to decay) + ya (passive suffix) + te (middle voice ending, common for passive)

Root: kṣi (class 1)

हि (hi) - for (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, ever)

(indeclinable)

सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon (Soma) (moon, Soma (divine drink, deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - moon, Soma (divine drink, deity)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, moreover)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - surely (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

अभिपूर्यते (abhipūryate) - is replenished (is filled up, is replenished, is completed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pūr

Present Tense, 3rd Person, Singular, Passive Voice

Prefix abhi + root pūr (to fill) + ya (passive suffix) + te (middle voice ending, common for passive)

Prefix: abhi

Root: pūr (class 10)