महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-318, verse-42

सर्वेषामृद्धिकामानामन्ये रथपुरःसराः ।
मनुजाश्च शतस्त्रीकाः शतशो विधवाः स्त्रियः ॥४२॥

42. sarveṣāmṛddhikāmānāmanye rathapuraḥsarāḥ ,
manujāśca śatastrīkāḥ śataśo vidhavāḥ striyaḥ.

42. sarveṣām ṛddhikāmānām anye rathapuraḥsarāḥ
manujāḥ ca śatastrīkāḥ śataśo vidhavāḥ striyaḥ

42. sarveṣām ṛddhikāmānām anye manujāḥ rathapuraḥsarāḥ
ca śatastrīkāḥ śataśo striyaḥ vidhavāḥ

42. Among all those who desire prosperity, some men lead with chariots and have hundreds of wives, while hundreds of women are left as widows.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• ऋद्धिकामानाम् (ṛddhikāmānām) - of those desiring prosperity/success

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• रथपुरःसराः (rathapuraḥsarāḥ) - preceded by chariots, having chariots as their forefront

• मनुजाः (manujāḥ) - men, human beings

• च (ca) - and, also

• शतस्त्रीकाः (śatastrīkāḥ) - having a hundred wives/women

• शतशो (śataśo) - by hundreds, in hundreds

• विधवाः (vidhavāḥ) - widows

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

ऋद्धिकामानाम् (ṛddhikāmānām) - of those desiring prosperity/success

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛddhikāma

ṛddhikāma - desiring prosperity, wishing for success/increase

Compound ṛddhi + kāma (desirous)

Compound: ṛddhi (prosperity, success) + kāma (desirous of).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ṛddhi+kāma)

• ṛddhi – prosperity, success, increase, growth
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from √ṛdh (to prosper).
  Root: √ṛdh (class 4)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, desirous of
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √kam (to desire).
  Root: √kam (class 1)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'.

रथपुरःसराः (rathapuraḥsarāḥ) - preceded by chariots, having chariots as their forefront

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathapuraḥsara

rathapuraḥsara - preceded by a chariot, having chariots as escort or vanguard

Compound ratha + puras-sara (going before)

Compound: ratha (chariot) + puras-sara (going before, leading).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ratha+puras+sara)

• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• sara – going, moving, flowing; one who goes
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √sṛ (to go).
  Root: √sṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies anye (men).

मनुजाः (manujāḥ) - men, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuja

manuja - man, human being, descendant of Manu

Derived from manu (Manu) + ja (born from).

Root: √jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects rathapuraḥsarāḥ with śatastrīkāḥ.

शतस्त्रीकाः (śatastrīkāḥ) - having a hundred wives/women

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatastrīka

śatastrīka - having a hundred women/wives

Compound: śata (hundred) + strīka (related to women). Formed with kā suffix often indicating possession or association.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śata+strī)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• strī – woman, wife
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies manujāḥ.

शतशो (śataśo) - by hundreds, in hundreds

(indeclinable)

Suffix śas indicating 'by groups of'.

Note: śataśo is a variant of śataśas.

विधवाः (vidhavāḥ) - widows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vidhavā

vidhavā - widow

vi (without) + dhava (husband).

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female