महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-318, verse-18

देवानिष्ट्वा तपस्तप्त्वा कृपणैः पुत्रगृद्धिभिः ।
दश मासान्परिधृता जायन्ते कुलपांसनाः ॥१८॥

18. devāniṣṭvā tapastaptvā kṛpaṇaiḥ putragṛddhibhiḥ ,
daśa māsānparidhṛtā jāyante kulapāṁsanāḥ.

18. devān iṣṭvā tapaḥ taptvā kṛpaṇaiḥ putragṛddhibhiḥ
daśa māsān paridhṛtāḥ jāyante kulapāṃsanāḥ

18. kṛpaṇaiḥ putragṛddhibhiḥ devān iṣṭvā tapas taptvā
daśa māsān paridhṛtāḥ kulapāṃsanāḥ jāyante

18. Even after worshipping the deities and performing austerity (tapas), those who are carried for ten months by wretched people, greedy for sons, are born as disgracers of the family.

Words meanings summery:

• देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

• इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having worshipped, having sacrificed, having performed a Vedic ritual

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance, heat

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed, having practiced (austerity)

• कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by wretched ones, by miserable ones, by covetous ones

• पुत्रगृद्धिभिः (putragṛddhibhiḥ) - by those greedy for sons

• दश (daśa) - ten

• मासान् (māsān) - months

• परिधृताः (paridhṛtāḥ) - borne, sustained, carried (in the womb)

• जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, come into being

• कुलपांसनाः (kulapāṁsanāḥ) - disgracers of the family, destroyers of lineage

Words meanings and morphology

देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of 'iṣṭvā'.

इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having worshipped, having sacrificed, having performed a Vedic ritual

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From verb root √yaj (to worship)

Root: yaj (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance, heat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - religious austerity, penance, heat, fervent devotion

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'taptvā'.

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed, having practiced (austerity)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From verb root √tap (to perform austerity)

Root: tap (class 1)

कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by wretched ones, by miserable ones, by covetous ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - wretched, miserable, poor, stingy, covetous

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putragṛddhibhiḥ'.

पुत्रगृद्धिभिः (putragṛddhibhiḥ) - by those greedy for sons

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putragṛddhi

putragṛddhi - greed for sons, desirous of children

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (putra+gṛddhi)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhi – greed, avidity, intense desire
  noun (feminine)
  From √gṛdh (to be greedy)
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Refers to the parents.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'māsān'.

मासान् (māsān) - months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Root: mās

Note: Indicates duration.

परिधृताः (paridhṛtāḥ) - borne, sustained, carried (in the womb)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paridhṛta

paridhṛta - borne, sustained, supported, kept, worn

Past Passive Participle

From verb root √dhṛ (to bear, hold) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, come into being

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present middle

3rd person plural present middle, from root √jan

Root: jan (class 4)

कुलपांसनाः (kulapāṁsanāḥ) - disgracers of the family, destroyers of lineage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kulapāṃsana

kulapāṁsana - disgracer of a family, one who soils his lineage

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kula+pāṃsana)

• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)
• pāṃsana – defiler, polluter, disgracer
  noun (masculine)
  From √paṃs (to soil, defile)
  Root: paṃs (class 1)