महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-316, verse-54

यो जन्तुः स्वकृतैस्तैस्तैः कर्मभिर्नित्यदुःखितः ।
स दुःखप्रतिघातार्थं हन्ति जन्तूननेकधा ॥५४॥

54. yo jantuḥ svakṛtaistaistaiḥ karmabhirnityaduḥkhitaḥ ,
sa duḥkhapratighātārthaṁ hanti jantūnanekadhā.

54. yaḥ jantuḥ svakṛtaiḥ taiḥ taiḥ karmabhiḥ nityaduḥkhitaḥ
saḥ duḥkhapratighātārtham hanti jantūn anekadhā

54. yaḥ jantuḥ svakṛtaiḥ taiḥ taiḥ karmabhiḥ nityaduḥkhitaḥ
saḥ duḥkhapratighātārtham anekadhā jantūn hanti

54. Any living being (jantu) who is perpetually miserable due to those very (karma) performed by himself, that being kills other living beings (jantu) in many ways to avert his own suffering.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - living being, creature, soul

• स्वकृतैः (svakṛtaiḥ) - by one's own actions/deeds

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (masculine/neuter plural)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (masculine/neuter plural)

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions (karma), by deeds

• नित्यदुःखितः (nityaduḥkhitaḥ) - constantly suffering, perpetually distressed

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• दुःखप्रतिघातार्थम् (duḥkhapratighātārtham) - for the purpose of averting suffering, to ward off pain

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes, slays

• जन्तून् (jantūn) - living beings, creatures (plural)

• अनेकधा (anekadhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - living being, creature, soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, man, soul

from root 'jan'

Root: jan (class 4)

स्वकृतैः (svakṛtaiḥ) - by one's own actions/deeds

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of svakṛta

svakṛta - done by oneself, self-made

Past Passive Participle

compound of 'sva' (own) and 'kṛta' (done)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+kṛta)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'kṛ'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'karmabhiḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (masculine/neuter plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used twice to emphasize 'those very' actions.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (masculine/neuter plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used twice to emphasize 'those very' actions.

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions (karma), by deeds

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action

from root 'kṛ'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नित्यदुःखितः (nityaduḥkhitaḥ) - constantly suffering, perpetually distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityaduḥkhita

nityaduḥkhita - constantly suffering, perpetually miserable

compound of 'nitya' (constant) and 'duḥkhita' (suffering)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nitya+duḥkhita)

• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkhita – distressed, suffering, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from 'duḥkh' (to suffer)
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Corresponds to 'yaḥ'.

दुःखप्रतिघातार्थम् (duḥkhapratighātārtham) - for the purpose of averting suffering, to ward off pain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥkhapratighātārtha

duḥkhapratighātārtha - for the purpose of averting suffering/pain

compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+pratighāta+artha)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• pratighāta – repelling, averting, striking back, obstruction
  noun (masculine)
  from 'prati' + 'han'
  Prefix: prati
  Root: han (class 2)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts adverbially here, meaning 'for the sake of preventing suffering'.

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes, slays

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of han

2nd class present active 3rd person singular

Root: han (class 2)

जन्तून् (jantūn) - living beings, creatures (plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, man, soul

from root 'jan'

Root: jan (class 4)

अनेकधा (anekadhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

(indeclinable)

adverbial suffix 'dhā' with 'aneka' (many)