महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-316, verse-26

तत्र मृत्युजरादुःखैः सततं समभिद्रुतः ।
संसारे पच्यते जन्तुस्तत्कथं नावबुध्यसे ॥२६॥

26. tatra mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ satataṁ samabhidrutaḥ ,
saṁsāre pacyate jantustatkathaṁ nāvabudhyase.

26. tatra mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ satataṃ samabhidrutaḥ
saṃsāre pacyate jantuḥ tat kathaṃ na avabudhyase

26. tatra jantuḥ mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ satataṃ samabhidrutaḥ saṃsāre pacyate.
tat kathaṃ na avabudhyase?

26. There, a living being is constantly assailed by death, old age, and suffering, and is tormented in the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra). Why, then, do you not comprehend this?

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (lower) birth or realm (there, then, in that place/time)

• मृत्युजरादुःखैः (mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ) - by death, old age, and sorrows/suffering

• सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, perpetually, always

• समभिद्रुतः (samabhidrutaḥ) - assailed, attacked, afflicted

• संसारे (saṁsāre) - in the cycle of transmigration, in mundane existence

• पच्यते (pacyate) - is tormented, suffers greatly (is cooked, ripens, is tormented, suffers)

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - living being, creature, man

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then

• कथं (kathaṁ) - why (how, why, in what manner)

• न (na) - not, no

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that (lower) birth or realm (there, then, in that place/time)

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun tad + suffix -tra

Note: Locative adverb.

मृत्युजरादुःखैः (mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ) - by death, old age, and sorrows/suffering

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mṛtyujarāduḥkha

mṛtyujarāduḥkha - death, old age, and sorrow

Compound type : dvandva (mṛtyu+jarā+duḥkha)

• mṛtyu – death, demise
  noun (masculine)
  from √mṛ
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• jarā – old age, decay, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
  from √jṛ
  Root: jṛ (class 1)
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)

सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, perpetually, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of adjective used as an adverb.

समभिद्रुतः (samabhidrutaḥ) - assailed, attacked, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samabhidruta

samabhidruta - attacked, assailed, afflicted, pursued

Past Passive Participle

from sam-abhi-√dru

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle used as an adjective.

संसारे (saṁsāre) - in the cycle of transmigration, in mundane existence

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - cycle of rebirth, transmigration, mundane existence, world

from sam-√sṛ

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

पच्यते (pacyate) - is tormented, suffers greatly (is cooked, ripens, is tormented, suffers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pac

Passive form of √pac (class 1)

Root: pac (class 1)

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - living being, creature, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - creature, living being, man, animal

from √jan

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'pacyate'.

तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding statement.

कथं (kathaṁ) - why (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

from ava-√budh (class 4)

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)