महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-316, verse-22

तपोनित्येन दान्तेन मुनिना संयतात्मना ।
अजितं जेतुकामेन भाव्यं सङ्गेष्वसङ्गिना ॥२२॥

22. taponityena dāntena muninā saṁyatātmanā ,
ajitaṁ jetukāmena bhāvyaṁ saṅgeṣvasaṅginā.

22. taponityena dāntena muninā saṃyatātmanā |
ajitam jetukāmena bhāvyam saṅgeṣu asaṅginā

22. taponityena dāntena saṃyatātmanā muninā
ajitam jetukāmena saṅgeṣu asaṅginā bhāvyam

22. A sage (muni) who is constantly devoted to spiritual discipline (tapas), self-controlled, and has a disciplined self (ātman), desiring to conquer that which is unconquered, must remain unattached to worldly attachments.

Words meanings summery:

• तपोनित्येन (taponityena) - by a person dedicated to spiritual discipline (tapas) (by one constantly practicing austerity)

• दान्तेन (dāntena) - by one who is self-controlled, subdued

• मुनिना (muninā) - by a sage, by an ascetic

• संयतात्मना (saṁyatātmanā) - by one who has mastered their inner self (ātman) (by one whose self is controlled, by a disciplined self)

• अजितम् (ajitam) - refers to desires, illusions, or the cycle of saṃsāra, which are difficult to conquer (the unconquered, that which is not vanquished)

• जेतुकामेन (jetukāmena) - by one desiring to conquer

• भाव्यम् (bhāvyam) - it must be, one should be

• सङ्गेषु (saṅgeṣu) - in worldly ties or objects of attachment (in attachments, in connections)

• असङ्गिना (asaṅginā) - by one who is unattached

Words meanings and morphology

तपोनित्येन (taponityena) - by a person dedicated to spiritual discipline (tapas) (by one constantly practicing austerity)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of taponitya

taponitya - constantly engaged in austerity, perpetually practicing spiritual discipline

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tapas+nitya)

• tapas – austerity, spiritual discipline, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'tap'.
  Root: tap (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, always
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'muninā'.

दान्तेन (dāntena) - by one who is self-controlled, subdued

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - controlled, subdued, tamed, self-restrained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dam' (to tame, control).

Root: dam (class 4)

मुनिना (muninā) - by a sage, by an ascetic

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, seer

Note: The main noun being qualified by the instrumental adjectives.

संयतात्मना (saṁyatātmanā) - by one who has mastered their inner self (ātman) (by one whose self is controlled, by a disciplined self)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃyatātman

saṁyatātman - one whose self is restrained, self-controlled

Compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (saṃyata+ātman)

• saṃyata – controlled, restrained, self-governed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yam' with prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

अजितम् (ajitam) - refers to desires, illusions, or the cycle of saṃsāra, which are difficult to conquer (the unconquered, that which is not vanquished)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajita

ajita - unconquered, invincible, unvanquished, (name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Negative compound.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jita – conquered, subdued, vanquished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ji'.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to something abstract, hence neuter singular is possible.

जेतुकामेन (jetukāmena) - by one desiring to conquer

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jetukāma

jetukāma - desirous of conquering, wishing to overcome

Compound. 'jetu' is an infinitive from root 'ji'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jetu+kāma)

• jetu – to conquer, to win
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  Infinitive form of root 'ji'.
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)

भाव्यम् (bhāvyam) - it must be, one should be

(indeclinable)

gerundive/future passive participle

From root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate, indicating 'must be (such)'.

सङ्गेषु (saṅgeṣu) - in worldly ties or objects of attachment (in attachments, in connections)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṅga

saṅga - attachment, association, contact, union, adhesion

From root 'sañj' with prefix 'sam-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 1)

असङ्गिना (asaṅginā) - by one who is unattached

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asaṅgin

asaṅgin - unattached, unassociated, free from attachment

Negative compound.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṅgin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• saṅgin – attached, associated with, clinging
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from 'saṅga'.