महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-316, verse-27

अहिते हितसंज्ञस्त्वमध्रुवे ध्रुवसंज्ञकः ।
अनर्थे चार्थसंज्ञस्त्वं किमर्थं नावबुध्यसे ॥२७॥

27. ahite hitasaṁjñastvamadhruve dhruvasaṁjñakaḥ ,
anarthe cārthasaṁjñastvaṁ kimarthaṁ nāvabudhyase.

27. ahite hitasaṃjñaḥ tvam adhruve dhruvasaṃjñakaḥ
anarthe ca arthasaṃjñaḥ tvam kim arthaṃ na avabudhyase

27. tvam ahite hitasaṃjñaḥ.
adhruve dhruvasaṃjñakaḥ.
ca anarthe arthasaṃjñaḥ tvam.
kim arthaṃ na avabudhyase?

27. You consider what is harmful to be beneficial, what is impermanent to be permanent, and what is meaningless to be meaningful. Why do you not comprehend this?

Words meanings summery:

• अहिते (ahite) - in what is harmful, in what is not beneficial

• हितसंज्ञः (hitasaṁjñaḥ) - having the designation/notion of beneficial, considering beneficial

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अध्रुवे (adhruve) - in what is impermanent, in what is unstable

• ध्रुवसंज्ञकः (dhruvasaṁjñakaḥ) - having the designation/notion of permanent, considering permanent

• अनर्थे (anarthe) - in what is meaningless, in what is useless/valueless

• च (ca) - and, also

• अर्थसंज्ञः (arthasaṁjñaḥ) - having the designation/notion of meaningful, considering meaningful

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, for what reason)

• अर्थं (arthaṁ) - for what purpose, why (for the purpose, for the sake, meaning, purpose)

• न (na) - not, no

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

अहिते (ahite) - in what is harmful, in what is not beneficial

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahita

ahita - harmful, not beneficial, unfriendly, evil

negative prefix 'a' + hita

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• hita – beneficial, good, placed, proper, suitable
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

हितसंज्ञः (hitasaṁjñaḥ) - having the designation/notion of beneficial, considering beneficial

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hitasaṃjña

hitasaṁjña - having the denomination of good, considering as good/beneficial

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hita+saṃjñā)

• hita – beneficial, good, placed, proper, suitable
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• saṃjñā – understanding, consciousness, name, designation, concept
  noun (feminine)
  from sam-√jñā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अध्रुवे (adhruve) - in what is impermanent, in what is unstable

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of adhruva

adhruva - impermanent, unstable, uncertain, transient

negative prefix 'a' + dhruva

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dhruva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dhruva – firm, fixed, permanent, constant, certain
  adjective (masculine)
  from √dhru
  Root: dhru (class 1)

ध्रुवसंज्ञकः (dhruvasaṁjñakaḥ) - having the designation/notion of permanent, considering permanent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhruvasaṃjñaka

dhruvasaṁjñaka - considering as permanent, having the concept of permanence

suffix -ka added to dhruvasaṃjña

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhruva+saṃjñā+ka)

• dhruva – firm, fixed, permanent, constant, certain
  adjective (masculine)
  from √dhru
  Root: dhru (class 1)
• saṃjñā – understanding, consciousness, name, designation, concept
  noun (feminine)
  from sam-√jñā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• ka – suffix forming adjectives or nouns; diminutive or intensifying
  suffix
  secondary suffix

अनर्थे (anarthe) - in what is meaningless, in what is useless/valueless

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of anartha

anartha - meaningless, useless, valueless, evil, misfortune, calamity

negative prefix 'an' + artha

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+artha)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix (used before vowels)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth, cause, advantage
  noun (masculine)
  from √arth
  Root: arth (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अर्थसंज्ञः (arthasaṁjñaḥ) - having the designation/notion of meaningful, considering meaningful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthasaṃjña

arthasaṁjña - considering as meaningful, having the concept of purpose/wealth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (artha+saṃjñā)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth, cause, advantage
  noun (masculine)
  from √arth
  Root: arth (class 10)
• saṃjñā – understanding, consciousness, name, designation, concept
  noun (feminine)
  from sam-√jñā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

अर्थं (arthaṁ) - for what purpose, why (for the purpose, for the sake, meaning, purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, cause, advantage

from √arth

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Accusative singular masculine used adverbially to express purpose or reason, 'for'. Often combines with 'kim' to form 'kimartham' (why).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

from ava-√budh (class 4)

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)