महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-316, verse-33

यदा सर्वं परित्यज्य गन्तव्यमवशेन ते ।
अनर्थे किं प्रसक्तस्त्वं स्वमर्थं नानुतिष्ठसि ॥३३॥

33. yadā sarvaṁ parityajya gantavyamavaśena te ,
anarthe kiṁ prasaktastvaṁ svamarthaṁ nānutiṣṭhasi.

33. yadā sarvam parityajya gantavyam avaśena te anarthe
kim prasaktaḥ tvam svam artham na anutiṣṭhasi

33. yadā sarvam parityajya avaśena te gantavyam kim
tvam anarthe prasaktaḥ svam artham na anutiṣṭhasi

33. When you, helpless, must inevitably depart, abandoning everything, why are you engrossed in futile pursuits? Why do you not follow your own true purpose?

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• गन्तव्यम् (gantavyam) - inevitably one must depart/die (to be gone, must be gone, one must go)

• अवशेन (avaśena) - by the helpless, by the unwilling

• ते (te) - by you (as the agent for the gerundive gantavyam) (by you, for you, to you, of you)

• अनर्थे (anarthe) - in futile pursuits. (in a useless thing, in vain, for a meaningless purpose)

• किम् (kim) - why (are you doing this) (why, what for (interrogative adverb))

• प्रसक्तः (prasaktaḥ) - attached, engrossed, addicted

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• स्वम् (svam) - your true purpose, your own welfare. (your own, one's own, self)

• अर्थम् (artham) - your true purpose/goal. (purpose, meaning, object, welfare)

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुतिष्ठसि (anutiṣṭhasi) - you pursue, you act in accordance with. (you follow, you perform, you practice)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Object of 'parityajya'.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix pari- and root tyaj (to abandon), with suffix -ya for absolutive.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Gerund, meaning "after abandoning".

गन्तव्यम् (gantavyam) - inevitably one must depart/die (to be gone, must be gone, one must go)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gantavya

gantavya - to be gone, fit to be gone, one who must go

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root gam (to go) with suffix -tavya.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Impersonal gerundive, implies "it must be gone (by you)".

अवशेन (avaśena) - by the helpless, by the unwilling

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, powerless, unwilling, not in one's power

Negative compound (a-vaśa), 'not having control'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vaśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vaśa – will, control, power
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'te' (by you), implying "by you who are helpless".

ते (te) - by you (as the agent for the gerundive gantavyam) (by you, for you, to you, of you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Inflected form of 'tvad' (you).

Note: Agent in relation to 'gantavyam'.

अनर्थे (anarthe) - in futile pursuits. (in a useless thing, in vain, for a meaningless purpose)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - useless thing, meaningless, misfortune, evil

Negative compound (a-artha).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛdh (class 5)

Note: "In useless matters/pursuits".

किम् (kim) - why (are you doing this) (why, what for (interrogative adverb))

(indeclinable)

Often used as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'.

Note: Interrogative adverb "why".

प्रसक्तः (prasaktaḥ) - attached, engrossed, addicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasakta

prasakta - attached, devoted, intent on, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + sañj (to cling, adhere), suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle acting as an adjective.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Nominative singular of the second person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the question.

स्वम् (svam) - your true purpose, your own welfare. (your own, one's own, self)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self, property, wealth

Note: Adjective modifying 'artham'.

अर्थम् (artham) - your true purpose/goal. (purpose, meaning, object, welfare)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing, goal

Root: ṛdh (class 5)

Note: Object of 'anutiṣṭhasi'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb.

अनुतिष्ठसि (anutiṣṭhasi) - you pursue, you act in accordance with. (you follow, you perform, you practice)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anutiṣṭh

Present tense, active voice

From prefix anu- and root sthā (to stand).

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)