महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-40

तस्य साक्षात्कुण्डधारो दर्शयामास भारत ।
ब्राह्मणस्य तपोयोगात्सौहृदेनाभिचोदितः ॥४०॥

40. tasya sākṣātkuṇḍadhāro darśayāmāsa bhārata ,
brāhmaṇasya tapoyogātsauhṛdenābhicoditaḥ.

40. tasya sākṣāt kuṇḍadhāraḥ darśayāmāsa bhārata
brāhmaṇasya tapaḥ yogāt sauhṛdena abhicoditaḥ

40. bhārata tasya brāhmaṇasya tapaḥ yogāt sauhṛdena
abhicoditaḥ kuṇḍadhāraḥ sākṣāt darśayāmāsa

40. O Bhārata, Kuṇḍadhāra himself appeared directly, impelled by friendship and by virtue of the brahmin's ascetic discipline (tapas) and spiritual practice (yoga).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that brahmin (of him, his)

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly (appeared) (directly, in person, visibly)

• कुण्डधारः (kuṇḍadhāraḥ) - the sage Kuṇḍadhāra (Kuṇḍadhāra (a proper name))

• दर्शयामास (darśayāmāsa) - he made himself visible, he appeared (he showed, he appeared, he made himself seen)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of that brahmin (who was performing tapas and yoga) (of the brahmin)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic discipline, spiritual austerity (asceticism, penance, heat)

• योगात् (yogāt) - through his spiritual practice (yoga) (from yoga, through yoga, by means of yoga)

• सौहृदेन (sauhṛdena) - impelled by friendship (by friendship, with friendliness)

• अभिचोदितः (abhicoditaḥ) - urged or motivated (by friendship) (impelled, urged, exhorted)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that brahmin (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: From 'tad' in masculine genitive singular.

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly (appeared) (directly, in person, visibly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

कुण्डधारः (kuṇḍadhāraḥ) - the sage Kuṇḍadhāra (Kuṇḍadhāra (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuṇḍadhāra

kuṇḍadhāra - bearing a kuṇḍa (water pot); name of a sage

दर्शयामास (darśayāmāsa) - he made himself visible, he appeared (he showed, he appeared, he made himself seen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

causative perfect

Intensive perfect form (āmāsa suffix) of the causative stem 'darśaya' from root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Causative 'to show' or 'to make see'. Here used reflexively 'made himself seen' or simply 'appeared'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata; an Indian

Note: Used frequently in the Mahabharata to address the kings.

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of that brahmin (who was performing tapas and yoga) (of the brahmin)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic discipline, spiritual austerity (asceticism, penance, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: In 'tapoyogāt', 'tapas' is the first member of a Tatpuruṣa compound 'tapas-yoga'. The word form 'tapaḥ' is the nominative/accusative singular of 'tapas' before sandhi.

योगात् (yogāt) - through his spiritual practice (yoga) (from yoga, through yoga, by means of yoga)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, spiritual practice, discipline, effort, application

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+yoga)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual austerity
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• yoga – union, spiritual practice, discipline, effort, application
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The compound 'tapoyoga' (ascetic discipline and spiritual practice) is in the ablative case, indicating cause.

सौहृदेन (sauhṛdena) - impelled by friendship (by friendship, with friendliness)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sauhṛda

sauhṛda - friendship, goodwill

Derived from 'suhṛd' (friend).

अभिचोदितः (abhicoditaḥ) - urged or motivated (by friendship) (impelled, urged, exhorted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhicodita

abhicodita - urged, impelled, exhorted

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of 'codayati' (causative of 'cud' to urge) with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Kuṇḍadhāra (masculine singular nominative).