महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-3

अधनो ब्राह्मणः कश्चित्कामाद्धर्ममवैक्षत ।
यज्ञार्थं स ततोऽर्थार्थी तपोऽतप्यत दारुणम् ॥३॥

3. adhano brāhmaṇaḥ kaścitkāmāddharmamavaikṣata ,
yajñārthaṁ sa tato'rthārthī tapo'tapyata dāruṇam.

3. adhanaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ kaścit kāmāt dharmam avaīkṣata
yajñārtham saḥ tataḥ arthārthī tapaḥ atapyata dāruṇam

3. kaścit adhanaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ kāmāt dharmam avaīkṣata saḥ
yajñārtham arthārthī tataḥ dāruṇam tapaḥ atapyata

3. A certain indigent Brahmin, driven by desire (kāma), considered righteousness (dharma) as a means. He, seeking wealth for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña), then performed severe asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अधनः (adhanaḥ) - moneyless, poor, indigent

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some one

• कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, out of desire

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness, natural law, duty (dharma)

• अवईक्षत (avaīkṣata) - he considered, he observed, he looked at

• यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña), for a sacrifice

• सः (saḥ) - the indigent Brahmin mentioned earlier (he)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• अर्थार्थी (arthārthī) - seeker of wealth, desirous of wealth

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)

• अतप्यत (atapyata) - he performed penance, he practiced austerity

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, severe, dreadful

Words meanings and morphology

अधनः (adhanaḥ) - moneyless, poor, indigent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhana

adhana - moneyless, poor, indigent

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+dhana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dhana – wealth, property, money
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies brāhmaṇaḥ.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a knower of Brahman

derived from brahman

Note: Subject of the first clause.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - a certain, some one

`kim` + `cid` (indefinite particle)

Note: Qualifies brāhmaṇaḥ.

कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, out of desire

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure

root kam (to desire) + ghañ (suffix)

Root: kam (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness, natural law, duty (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty, virtue

root dhṛ (to uphold, support) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of avaīkṣata.

अवईक्षत (avaīkṣata) - he considered, he observed, he looked at

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of īkṣ

imperfect middle, 3rd person singular

root īkṣ (1st class) + prefix ava, imperfect tense

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is brāhmaṇaḥ.

यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña), for a sacrifice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajñārtha

yajñārtha - purpose of yajña, for a yajña

`yajña` + `artha`

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+artha)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, offering (yajña)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Used adverbially.

सः (saḥ) - the indigent Brahmin mentioned earlier (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Subject of atapyata.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

from `tad` + `tas` suffix

अर्थार्थी (arthārthī) - seeker of wealth, desirous of wealth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthārthin

arthārthin - seeker of wealth, desirous of wealth

`artha` (wealth) + `arthin` (seeker)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+arthin)

• artha – wealth, purpose
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• arthin – seeker, suppliant
  adjective (masculine)
  from artha (purpose) with suffix -in

Note: Qualifies `saḥ`.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity

root tap (to heat, suffer) + as (suffix)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of atapyata.

अतप्यत (atapyata) - he performed penance, he practiced austerity

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of tap

imperfect middle, 3rd person singular

root tap (1st class, also 4th class in other senses), imperfect tense

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject is saḥ.

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, severe, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, severe, dreadful

root dṝ (to tear) + uṇa (suffix)

Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies tapaḥ.