महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-39

यदि दद्यामहं राज्यं तुष्टो वै यस्य कस्यचित् ।
स भवेदचिराद्राजा न मिथ्या वाग्भवेन्मम ॥३९॥

39. yadi dadyāmahaṁ rājyaṁ tuṣṭo vai yasya kasyacit ,
sa bhavedacirādrājā na mithyā vāgbhavenmama.

39. yadi dadyām aham rājyam tuṣṭaḥ vai yasya kasyacit
saḥ bhavet acirāt rājā na mithyā vāk bhavet mama

39. yadi aham tuṣṭaḥ vai yasya kasyacit rājyam dadyām,
saḥ acirāt rājā bhavet; mama vāk mithyā na bhavet

39. If I, being content, were to give a kingdom to anyone at all, that person would swiftly become a king; my word would not prove false.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)

• दद्याम् (dadyām) - I were to give (I would give, may I give)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - a kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - being content (satisfied, pleased, content)

• वै (vai) - indeed / certainly (indeed, certainly, assuredly)

• यस्य (yasya) - to whom (in combination with kasyacit) (of whom, whose)

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - to anyone (in combination with yasya) (of someone, of anyone)

• सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would become (would be, should be, may be)

• अचिरात् (acirāt) - swiftly (soon, quickly, without delay)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (false, untrue, in vain, incorrectly)

• वाक् (vāk) - word (word, speech, voice)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would prove (would be, should be, may be)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

दद्याम् (dadyām) - I were to give (I would give, may I give)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

optative active

First person singular, optative, active voice

Root: dā (class 3)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - a kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingship, sovereignty, realm, kingdom, government

From root rāj- to rule, to shine.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dadyām'

तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - being content (satisfied, pleased, content)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - satisfied, pleased, content, gratified

past passive participle

From root tuṣ- to be satisfied

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'

वै (vai) - indeed / certainly (indeed, certainly, assuredly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

यस्य (yasya) - to whom (in combination with kasyacit) (of whom, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Used with 'kasyacit' to form 'to whoever'

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - to anyone (in combination with yasya) (of someone, of anyone)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain

From 'kim' + 'cid'

Note: Used with 'yasya' to form 'to whoever'. Genitive can be used with verbs of giving in the sense of dative.

सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'

भवेत् (bhavet) - would become (would be, should be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

optative active

Third person singular, optative, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

अचिरात् (acirāt) - swiftly (soon, quickly, without delay)

(indeclinable)

From 'a' (not) + 'cirāt' (from a long time, ablative of 'cira')

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+cirāt)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• cirāt – from a long time
  indeclinable
  Ablative singular of 'cira' (long time)

Note: Adverbial usage

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign, chief

From root rāj- to shine, to rule

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative with 'bhavet'

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (false, untrue, in vain, incorrectly)

(indeclinable)

वाक् (vāk) - word (word, speech, voice)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would prove (would be, should be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

optative active

Third person singular, optative, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)