महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-30

ततोऽपश्यत चीराणि सूक्ष्माणि द्विजसत्तमः ।
पार्श्वतोऽभ्यागतो न्यस्तान्यथ निर्वेदमागतः ॥३०॥

30. tato'paśyata cīrāṇi sūkṣmāṇi dvijasattamaḥ ,
pārśvato'bhyāgato nyastānyatha nirvedamāgataḥ.

30. tataḥ apaśyata cīrāṇi sūkṣmāṇi dvijasattamaḥ
pārśvataḥ abhyāgataḥ nyastāni atha nirvedam āgataḥ

30. tataḥ dvijasattamaḥ pārśvataḥ abhyāgataḥ sūkṣmāṇi
nyastāni cīrāṇi apaśyata atha nirvedam āgataḥ

30. Then the best among Brahmins (dvijasattama) approached and saw fine bark garments (cīrāṇi) laid down nearby. Thereupon, he attained a state of detachment (nirveda).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• अपश्यत (apaśyata) - saw, beheld

• चीराणि (cīrāṇi) - bark garments, rags

• सूक्ष्माणि (sūkṣmāṇi) - fine, subtle, delicate

• द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the best among Brahmins

• पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the side, nearby

• अभ्यागतः (abhyāgataḥ) - approached, came near

• न्यस्तानि (nyastāni) - placed, laid down, deposited

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• निर्वेदम् (nirvedam) - detachment (nirveda) (detachment, dispassion, renunciation, despair)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - attained, reached, came

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence.

अपश्यत (apaśyata) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

Root 'dṛś' (1st class) takes 'paśya' stem in present/imperfect. Imperfect (laṅ). 3rd person singular active. With augment 'a'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Root 'dṛś' takes 'paśya' stem in present/imperfect.

चीराणि (cīrāṇi) - bark garments, rags

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of cīra

cīra - strip of bark, rags, bark garment

Note: Object of 'apaśyata'.

सूक्ष्माणि (sūkṣmāṇi) - fine, subtle, delicate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - fine, subtle, minute, delicate

Note: Adjective for 'cīrāṇi'.

द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the best among Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best of Brahmins, pre-eminent among the twice-born

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'dvija' (Brahmin) and 'sattama' (best, superlative of sat).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born).
• sattama – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'sat' (good, real).

Note: Subject of 'apaśyata' and 'āgataḥ'.

पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the side, nearby

(indeclinable)

From 'pārśva' (side) with suffix -tas.

Note: Indicates location or direction.

अभ्यागतः (abhyāgataḥ) - approached, came near

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāgata

abhyāgata - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijasattamaḥ'.

न्यस्तानि (nyastāni) - placed, laid down, deposited

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nyasta

nyasta - placed, laid down, thrown

Past Passive Participle

From root 'as' (to throw) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Adjective for 'cīrāṇi'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a subsequent event or change of topic.

निर्वेदम् (nirvedam) - detachment (nirveda) (detachment, dispassion, renunciation, despair)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirveda

nirveda - detachment, dispassion, renunciation, despair, weariness

From root 'vid' (to know) with prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Object of 'āgataḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - attained, reached, came

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijasattamaḥ'.