महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-31

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
अयं न सुकृतं वेत्ति को न्वन्यो वेत्स्यते कृतम् ।
गच्छामि वनमेवाहं वरं धर्मेण जीवितुम् ॥३१॥

31. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
ayaṁ na sukṛtaṁ vetti ko nvanyo vetsyate kṛtam ,
gacchāmi vanamevāhaṁ varaṁ dharmeṇa jīvitum.

31. brāhmaṇa uvāca ayam na sukṛtam vetti kaḥ nu anyaḥ vetsyate
kṛtam gacchāmi vanam eva aham varam dharmeṇa jīvitum

31. brāhmaṇa uvāca ayam sukṛtam na vetti nu kaḥ anyaḥ kṛtam
vetsyate aham vanam eva gacchāmi dharmeṇa jīvitum varam

31. The Brahmin said: "This one does not understand good deeds; who else, then, will comprehend what has been accomplished? I will indeed go to the forest, for it is better to live by natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - Brahmin

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the person or king who does not appreciate good deeds. (this, this one, he)

• न (na) - not, no

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, merit, virtue

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• नु (nu) - then, indeed, now (interrogative particle)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

• वेत्स्यते (vetsyate) - will know, will understand

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - what has been accomplished, good deeds (deed, what is done, good deed)

• गच्छामि (gacchāmi) - I go

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अहम् (aham) - I

• वरम् (varam) - it is better (used adverbially or as predicate adjective) (better, a boon, a blessing)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously (dharma) (by natural law (dharma), righteously, according to duty)

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), Perfect (liṭ). 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the person or king who does not appreciate good deeds. (this, this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Subject of 'vetti'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, merit, virtue

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - good deed, virtue, merit, well-done

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Compound of 'su' (good, well) and 'kṛta' (done).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'vetti'.

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

Root 'vid' (2nd class), Present (laṭ). 3rd person singular active.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used with negative 'na'.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of 'vetsyate'.

नु (nu) - then, indeed, now (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or interrogative particle.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Agrees with 'kaḥ'.

वेत्स्यते (vetsyate) - will know, will understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of vid

Future Middle

Root 'vid' (2nd class, but has middle forms in future). Future (lṛṭ). 3rd person singular middle.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Future tense of 'vid'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - what has been accomplished, good deeds (deed, what is done, good deed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, deed, act

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'vetsyate'.

गच्छामि (gacchāmi) - I go

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active

Root 'gam' (1st class), Present (laṭ). 1st person singular active.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implies future action.

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of motion, 'to the forest'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'gacchāmi'.

वरम् (varam) - it is better (used adverbially or as predicate adjective) (better, a boon, a blessing)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vara

vara - choice, best, excellent, better (as adverb)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Predicate.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously (dharma) (by natural law (dharma), righteously, according to duty)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of living.

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root 'jīv' (1st class) with suffix -tum.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.