महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि इतिहासं पुरातनम् ।
कुण्डधारेण यत्प्रीत्या भक्तायोपकृतं पुरा ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atra te vartayiṣyāmi itihāsaṁ purātanam ,
kuṇḍadhāreṇa yatprītyā bhaktāyopakṛtaṁ purā.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra te vartayiṣyāmi itihāsam purātanam
kuṇḍadhāreṇa yat prītyā bhaktāya upakṛtam purā

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra te purātanam itihāsam vartayiṣyāmi
yat kuṇḍadhāreṇa purā prītyā bhaktāya upakṛtam

2. Bhīṣma said: "Here, I shall recount to you an ancient tale (itihāsa): how Kuṇḍadhāra, out of affection, formerly rendered a service to a devotee."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - in the context of the current discussion (here, in this matter)

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall relate, I shall recount

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, traditional narrative (itihāsa)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, traditional

• कुण्डधारेण (kuṇḍadhāreṇa) - by Kuṇḍadhāra (proper name)

• यत् (yat) - introducing a subordinate clause, 'how' (which, what, how)

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - out of affection, with love, gladly

• भक्ताय (bhaktāya) - to a devotee, to a faithful person

• उपकृतम् (upakṛtam) - helped, rendered service, benefited

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - formidable, terrible, Bhīṣma

root bhī (to fear) + ṣma (suffix)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: The speaker.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active, 3rd person singular

root vac (2nd class), perfect tense formation

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - in the context of the current discussion (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

`a` + `tra` suffix

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

variant of dative/genitive singular of yuṣmad

Note: Recipient of the tale (Yudhiṣṭhira).

वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall relate, I shall recount

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vṛt

future active, 1st person singular (causative stem)

root vṛt (1st class) + caus. suffix (ay) + syāmi (future ending)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The speaker (Bhīṣma) is the subject.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, traditional narrative (itihāsa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, traditional narrative

'iti ha āsa' (thus verily it was)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of vartayiṣyāmi.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, traditional

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, traditional

from `purā` (formerly) + `tana` (suffix)

Note: Agrees with itihāsam.

कुण्डधारेण (kuṇḍadhāreṇa) - by Kuṇḍadhāra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kuṇḍadhāra

kuṇḍadhāra - Kuṇḍadhāra (name of a sage/person)

'kuṇḍa' (water-pot) + 'dhāra' (bearer/holding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuṇḍa+dhāra)

• kuṇḍa – water-pot, bowl
  noun (neuter)
• dhāra – bearer, holder, stream
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agent of upakṛtam.

यत् (yat) - introducing a subordinate clause, 'how' (which, what, how)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Refers to the story/deed.

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - out of affection, with love, gladly

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - affection, love, joy, pleasure

root prī (to please, love) + ti (suffix)

Root: prī (class 9)

भक्ताय (bhaktāya) - to a devotee, to a faithful person

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhakta

bhakta - devoted, faithful, a devotee

Past Passive Participle

root bhaj (to worship, serve) + kta (suffix)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Recipient of the service.

उपकृतम् (upakṛtam) - helped, rendered service, benefited

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upakṛta

upakṛta - helped, rendered service, benefited

Past Passive Participle

root kṛ (to do) + prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implicitly predicate to 'yat' (what was done).

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

(indeclinable)