महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-34

त्यक्त्वा मूलफलं सर्वं पर्णाहारोऽभवद्द्विजः ।
पर्णं त्यक्त्वा जलाहारस्तदासीद्द्विजसत्तमः ॥३४॥

34. tyaktvā mūlaphalaṁ sarvaṁ parṇāhāro'bhavaddvijaḥ ,
parṇaṁ tyaktvā jalāhārastadāsīddvijasattamaḥ.

34. tyaktvā mūlaphalam sarvam parṇāhāraḥ abhavat dvijaḥ
parṇam tyaktvā jalāhāraḥ tadā āsīt dvijasattamaḥ

34. dvijaḥ sarvam mūlaphalam tyaktvā parṇāhāraḥ abhavat
tadā dvijasattamaḥ parṇam tyaktvā jalāhāraḥ āsīt

34. Having given up all roots and fruits, the Brahmin began to subsist only on leaves. Then, that foremost Brahmin, having abandoned even leaves, became one who lived solely on water.

Words meanings summery:

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - Having given up (having abandoned, having given up)

• मूलफलम् (mūlaphalam) - all roots and fruits (roots and fruits)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, whole, every)

• पर्णाहारः (parṇāhāraḥ) - began to subsist only on leaves (subsisting on leaves, leaf-eater)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - began to (lit. became) (became, was, happened)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin (twice-born, Brahmin)

• पर्णम् (parṇam) - leaves (leaf)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

• जलाहारः (jalāhāraḥ) - became one who lived solely on water (subsisting on water, water-eater)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

• द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - that foremost Brahmin (best of Brahmins, foremost Brahmin)

Words meanings and morphology

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - Having given up (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root tyaj, absolutive suffix -tvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

मूलफलम् (mūlaphalam) - all roots and fruits (roots and fruits)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mūlaphala

mūlaphala - roots and fruits

Compound type : dvandva (mūla+phala)

• mūla – root, origin
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'mūlaphalam'.

पर्णाहारः (parṇāhāraḥ) - began to subsist only on leaves (subsisting on leaves, leaf-eater)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parṇāhāra

parṇāhāra - subsisting on leaves

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parṇa+āhāra)

• parṇa – leaf
  noun (neuter)
• āhāra – food, eating, taking
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun from root hṛ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijaḥ'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - began to (lit. became) (became, was, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect active

root bhū, imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin (twice-born, Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth

Root: jan (class 4)

पर्णम् (parṇam) - leaves (leaf)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parṇa

parṇa - leaf, feather

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root tyaj, absolutive suffix -tvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

जलाहारः (jalāhāraḥ) - became one who lived solely on water (subsisting on water, water-eater)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jalāhāra

jalāhāra - subsisting on water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+āhāra)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āhāra – food, eating, taking
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun from root hṛ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijasattamaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect active

root as, imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - that foremost Brahmin (best of Brahmins, foremost Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best of the twice-born

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born, Brahmin
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  superlative suffix -tama