महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-263, verse-11

ब्रह्मघ्ने च सुरापे च चोरे भग्नव्रते तथा ।
निष्कृतिर्विहिता सद्भिः कृतघ्ने नास्ति निष्कृतिः ॥११॥

11. brahmaghne ca surāpe ca core bhagnavrate tathā ,
niṣkṛtirvihitā sadbhiḥ kṛtaghne nāsti niṣkṛtiḥ.

11. brahmaghne ca surāpe ca core bhagnavrate tathā
niṣkṛtiḥ vihitā sadbhiḥ kṛtaghne na asti niṣkṛtiḥ

11. brahmaghne ca surāpe ca core tathā bhagnavrate
niṣkṛtiḥ sadbhiḥ vihitā kṛtaghne niṣkṛtiḥ na asti

11. For a slayer of a brahmin, a drinker of liquor, a thief, and similarly, for one who has broken a vow, expiation is prescribed by good people. But for an ungrateful person (kṛtaghne), there is no expiation.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मघ्ने (brahmaghne) - for a killer of Brahmins, for one who slays a brahmin

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुरापे (surāpe) - for a liquor-drinker, for one who drinks intoxicating drink

• च (ca) - and, also

• चोरे (core) - for a thief

• भग्नव्रते (bhagnavrate) - for one who has broken a vow

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• निष्कृतिः (niṣkṛtiḥ) - expiation, atonement, remedy

• विहिता (vihitā) - prescribed, ordained, performed, established

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good people, by the virtuous

• कृतघ्ने (kṛtaghne) - for an ungrateful person (for an ungrateful person, for one who destroys gratitude)

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• निष्कृतिः (niṣkṛtiḥ) - expiation, atonement

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मघ्ने (brahmaghne) - for a killer of Brahmins, for one who slays a brahmin

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of brahmaghan

brahmaghan - slayer of a brahmin, murderer of a brahmin

Agent noun (n-stem)

Compound of 'brahman' (Brahmin) and 'ghan' (killer, from root han).

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+han)

• brahman – Brahmin, Vedic ritual, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• han – killing, killer, striking
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Dative case indicating 'for whom' the expiation is.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुरापे (surāpe) - for a liquor-drinker, for one who drinks intoxicating drink

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of surāpa

surāpa - a drinker of wine or spirituous liquor

Agent noun

Compound of 'surā' (liquor) and 'pa' (drinker, from root pā).

Compound type : tatpurusha (surā+pā)

• surā – wine, spirituous liquor, intoxicating drink
  noun (feminine)
• pā – drinking, a drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root pā (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Dative case indicating 'for whom' the expiation is.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चोरे (core) - for a thief

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of cora

cora - thief, robber

From root cur (to steal).

Root: cur (class 10)

Note: Dative case indicating 'for whom' the expiation is.

भग्नव्रते (bhagnavrate) - for one who has broken a vow

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhagnavrata

bhagnavrata - one whose vow is broken, one who has violated a vow

Compound of 'bhagna' (broken) and 'vrata' (vow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhagna+vrata)

• bhagna – broken, shattered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhañj (to break).
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dative case indicating 'for whom' the expiation is.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner from 'tad'.

निष्कृतिः (niṣkṛtiḥ) - expiation, atonement, remedy

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣkṛti

niṣkṛti - expiation, atonement, purification, remedy, release

From prefix nis- and root kṛ (to do, make).

Prefix: nis

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विहिता (vihitā) - prescribed, ordained, performed, established

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vihita

vihita - prescribed, ordained, performed, established, arranged, done

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Functions as a passive verb 'is prescribed'.

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good people, by the virtuous

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, true, real

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be). Used as a noun referring to good people.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agent in a passive construction ('by whom it is prescribed').

कृतघ्ने (kṛtaghne) - for an ungrateful person (for an ungrateful person, for one who destroys gratitude)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, a destroyer of gratitude, traitor, one who forgets favors

Compound of 'kṛta' (done, favor) and 'ghna' (killing, destroying).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+ghna)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, a favor, a good deed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ghna – killer, destroyer, striking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Dative case indicating 'for whom'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

निष्कृतिः (niṣkṛtiḥ) - expiation, atonement

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣkṛti

niṣkṛti - expiation, atonement, purification, remedy, release

From prefix nis- and root kṛ (to do, make).

Prefix: nis

Root: kṛ (class 8)