महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-217, verse-8

तदीदृशमिदं भावमवशः प्राप्य केवलम् ।
यद्येवमभिजानामि का व्यथा मे विजानतः ॥८॥

8. tadīdṛśamidaṁ bhāvamavaśaḥ prāpya kevalam ,
yadyevamabhijānāmi kā vyathā me vijānataḥ.

8. tat īdṛśam idam bhāvam avaśaḥ prāpya kevalam
yadi evam abhijānāmi kā vyathā me vijānataḥ

8. tat avaśaḥ kevalam īdṛśam idam bhāvam prāpya
yadi evam abhijānāmi me vijānataḥ kā vyathā

8. Therefore, having attained this kind of existence, merely as a helpless being, if I understand it thus, what distress can there be for me, who possesses this knowledge?

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - this transient and perishable kind (such, of this kind, like this)

• इदम् (idam) - this existence or state (this)

• भावम् (bhāvam) - this transient human existence (state of being, existence, nature, condition)

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - subject to natural laws of birth, growth, and death (helpless, powerless, not independent)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained, having reached, having obtained

• केवलम् (kevalam) - merely, only, solely

• यदि (yadi) - if

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• अभिजानामि (abhijānāmi) - I possess this complete understanding (I know, I understand, I recognize fully)

• का (kā) - what kind of (what, which)

• व्यथा (vyathā) - cause for sorrow or lamentation (distress, suffering, pain, trouble)

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• विजानतः (vijānataḥ) - for me, the one who truly knows (this impermanence) (of one who knows, for one who understands)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Connects to the previous idea.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - this transient and perishable kind (such, of this kind, like this)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

From 'idam' (this) + 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix 'a'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this existence or state (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun

भावम् (bhāvam) - this transient human existence (state of being, existence, nature, condition)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state of being, existence, nature, disposition, feeling

From √bhū (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - subject to natural laws of birth, growth, and death (helpless, powerless, not independent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, dependent, powerless, not free

Compound (Nañ-tatpuruṣa) 'a' (not) + 'vaśa' (control, power)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vaśa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• vaśa – control, will, power, subjugation
  noun (masculine)
  From √vaś (to wish, to control)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: In apposition to the implied subject "I" (of 'abhijānāmi').

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained, having reached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix 'pra' + root '√āp'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

केवलम् (kevalam) - merely, only, solely

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies 'prāpya' or the state of being 'avaśaḥ'.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverb

अभिजानामि (abhijānāmi) - I possess this complete understanding (I know, I understand, I recognize fully)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhijñā

Present active

1st person singular Present active of √jñā (class 9) with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Main verb of the 'yadi' clause.

का (kā) - what kind of (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ka

ka - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun (feminine nominative singular)

Note: Introduces the rhetorical question.

व्यथा (vyathā) - cause for sorrow or lamentation (distress, suffering, pain, trouble)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - pain, suffering, distress, fear

From √vyath (to be troubled)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb "is".

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun, genitive/dative singular (enclitic form)

विजानतः (vijānataḥ) - for me, the one who truly knows (this impermanence) (of one who knows, for one who understands)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vijānat

vijānat - knowing, understanding, perceiving

Present active participle

Present active participle of 'vi-jñā' (to know, understand)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject "I" (or 'me').