महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-217, verse-51

गतिं हि सर्वभूतानामगत्वा क्व गमिष्यसि ।
यो धावता न हातव्यस्तिष्ठन्नपि न हीयते ।
तमिन्द्रियाणि सर्वाणि नानुपश्यन्ति पञ्चधा ॥५१॥

51. gatiṁ hi sarvabhūtānāmagatvā kva gamiṣyasi ,
yo dhāvatā na hātavyastiṣṭhannapi na hīyate ,
tamindriyāṇi sarvāṇi nānupaśyanti pañcadhā.

51. gatim hi sarvabhūtānām agatvā kva
gamiṣyasi yaḥ dhāvatā na hātavyaḥ
tiṣṭhan api na hīyate tam indriyāṇi
sarvāṇi na anupaśyanti pañcadhā

51. hi agatvā sarvabhūtānām gatim kva gamiṣyasi? yaḥ dhāvatā na hātavyaḥ api tiṣṭhan na hīyate.
sarvāṇi indriyāṇi tam pañcadhā na anupaśyanti.

51. Indeed, without having grasped the ultimate state (gati) of all beings, where will you go? That [ātman], which cannot be abandoned even by one who is running, and which is not diminished even by one standing still—all the senses fail to perceive it through any of their five faculties.

Words meanings summery:

• गतिम् (gatim) - the ultimate state or true nature (movement, course, state, destination, ultimate state)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings (of all beings, of all creatures)

• अगत्वा (agatvā) - without having grasped or realized (without having gone, without having reached, without having understood)

• क्व (kva) - where (rhetorical question) (where?, in what place?)

• गमिष्यसि (gamiṣyasi) - will you go? (you will go)

• यः (yaḥ) - that (ātman) which (who, which)

• धावता (dhāvatā) - even by one who is running (i.e., in constant motion/activity) (by the running one, by one who runs)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हातव्यः (hātavyaḥ) - to be abandoned or relinquished (to be abandoned, to be left, to be forsaken)

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - even by one standing still (i.e., in inactivity) (standing, remaining, existing)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हीयते (hīyate) - is lost or diminished (is lost, is left behind, is diminished)

• तम् (tam) - that (ātman) (him, that one)

• इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the senses or sense organs (senses, sense organs, faculties)

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (the senses) (all, every)

• न (na) - fail to (not, no)

• अनुपश्यन्ति (anupaśyanti) - they perceive or observe (they perceive, they see, they observe)

• पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways (through the five senses) (in five ways, fivefold)

Words meanings and morphology

गतिम् (gatim) - the ultimate state or true nature (movement, course, state, destination, ultimate state)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, state, condition, ultimate destination, true nature

From root 'gam' (to go) + '-ti' suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings (of all beings, of all creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all elements

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'bhūta' (being).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

अगत्वा (agatvā) - without having grasped or realized (without having gone, without having reached, without having understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'gam' + '-tvā' suffix, then prefixed with 'a-' for negation.

Prefix: a

Root: gam (class 1)

क्व (kva) - where (rhetorical question) (where?, in what place?)

(indeclinable)

गमिष्यसि (gamiṣyasi) - will you go? (you will go)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of gam

Future tense, second person, singular, active voice.

Root: gam (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - that (ātman) which (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the ātman/self discussed in previous verses.

धावता (dhāvatā) - even by one who is running (i.e., in constant motion/activity) (by the running one, by one who runs)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhāvat

dhāv - to run, flow

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'dhāv' (to run) + '-at' suffix.

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun in the instrumental case.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'hātavyaḥ'.

हातव्यः (hātavyaḥ) - to be abandoned or relinquished (to be abandoned, to be left, to be forsaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hātavya

hā - to abandon, leave, quit

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Formed from root 'hā' (to abandon) + '-tavya' suffix, meaning 'fit to be abandoned'.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'yaḥ'.

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - even by one standing still (i.e., in inactivity) (standing, remaining, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

sthā - to stand, remain, stay, exist

Present Active Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) + '-at' suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe a person.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'hīyate'.

हीयते (hīyate) - is lost or diminished (is lost, is left behind, is diminished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of hā

Present tense, third person, singular, middle/passive voice. From 'hā' (to leave, give up) in passive sense.

Root: hā (class 3)

तम् (tam) - that (ātman) (him, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the 'yaḥ' (ātman).

इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the senses or sense organs (senses, sense organs, faculties)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense, sense organ, faculty of sense, pertaining to Indra

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (the senses) (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'indriyāṇi'.

न (na) - fail to (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'anupaśyanti'.

अनुपश्यन्ति (anupaśyanti) - they perceive or observe (they perceive, they see, they observe)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of anupaś

Present tense, third person, plural, active voice. Formed from root 'dṛś' (which uses 'paś' as stem in present) with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways (through the five senses) (in five ways, fivefold)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'pañcan' (five) + '-dhā' suffix (meaning 'in ... ways').