महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-217, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
पुनरेव तु तं शक्रः प्रहसन्निदमब्रवीत् ।
निःश्वसन्तं यथा नागं प्रव्याहाराय भारत ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
punareva tu taṁ śakraḥ prahasannidamabravīt ,
niḥśvasantaṁ yathā nāgaṁ pravyāhārāya bhārata.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca punaḥ eva tu tam śakraḥ prahasan idam
abravīt niḥśvasantam yathā nāgam pravyāhārāya bhārata

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bhārata śakraḥ punaḥ eva tu prahasan
niḥśvasantam nāgam yathā tam idam abravīt pravyāhārāya

1. Bhishma said: Then, laughing, Shakra (Indra) spoke this to him, who was hissing like a serpent, to prompt a response, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The proper name of the narrator, Bhishma. (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, recounted

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, then, once more

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• तु (tu) - but, yet, and, indeed

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Nahusha, who had been turned into a serpent. (him, to him)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - The proper name of the deity Indra, also known as Shakra. (Shakra, Indra)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, while laughing, with a smile

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the statement that Shakra is about to make. (this)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - Refers to Nahusha, who had been transformed into a serpent and was making a hissing sound. (hissing, sighing, breathing out)

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner of

• नागम् (nāgam) - serpent, snake

• प्रव्याहाराय (pravyāhārāya) - for a reply, for a clear utterance, for a statement

• भारत (bhārata) - A vocative address, typically used for prominent figures like Yudhishthira or Arjuna in the Mahabharata. (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The proper name of the narrator, Bhishma. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma, a proper name, one who inspires awe or fear

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, recounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (lit)

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, then, once more

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, yet, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Refers to Nahusha, who had been turned into a serpent. (him, to him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - The proper name of the deity Indra, also known as Shakra. (Shakra, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, the powerful one

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, while laughing, with a smile

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasant

prahasant - one who is laughing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of pra+√has (to laugh).

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the statement that Shakra is about to make. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense (laṅ)

3rd person singular imperfect active of √brū (or √vac).

Root: brū (class 2)

निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - Refers to Nahusha, who had been transformed into a serpent and was making a hissing sound. (hissing, sighing, breathing out)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasant

niḥśvasant - one who is hissing/sighing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of niḥ+√śvas (to breathe out, to hiss).

Prefix: niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (him).

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner of

(indeclinable)

नागम् (nāgam) - serpent, snake

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant, a race of mythical beings

प्रव्याहाराय (pravyāhārāya) - for a reply, for a clear utterance, for a statement

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of pravyāhāra

pravyāhāra - utterance, speech, reply, clear statement

Noun formed from pra+vi+ā+√hṛ (to utter, speak).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (pra+vyāhāra)

• pra – forth, forward, intense
  indeclinable
  Prepositional prefix.
• vyāhāra – utterance, speech, expression
  noun (masculine)
  Noun formed from vi+ā+√hṛ (to speak).
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - A vocative address, typically used for prominent figures like Yudhishthira or Arjuna in the Mahabharata. (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, a native of India