महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-217, verse-46

मासार्धमासवेश्मानमहोरात्राभिसंवृतम् ।
ऋतुद्वारं वर्षमुखमाहुर्वेदविदो जनाः ॥४६॥

46. māsārdhamāsaveśmānamahorātrābhisaṁvṛtam ,
ṛtudvāraṁ varṣamukhamāhurvedavido janāḥ.

46. māsārdhamāsaveśmānam ahorātrābhisaṃvṛtam
ṛtudvāram varṣamukham āhuḥ vedavidaḥ janāḥ

46. janāḥ vedavidaḥ āhuḥ māsārdhamāsaveśmānam
ahorātrābhisaṃvṛtam ṛtudvāram varṣamukham

46. Those who know the Vedas declare it to be a dwelling composed of months and fortnights, encompassed by days and nights, with the seasons as its door, and the rainy season as its commencement.

Words meanings summery:

• मासार्धमासवेश्मानम् (māsārdhamāsaveśmānam) - whose dwelling is months and half-months

• अहोरात्राभिसंवृतम् (ahorātrābhisaṁvṛtam) - encompassed by days and nights

• ऋतुद्वारम् (ṛtudvāram) - whose door is the seasons, having seasons as its gate

• वर्षमुखम् (varṣamukham) - whose beginning is the rainy season, having the rainy season as its mouth/face/beginning

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they call

• वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - knowers of the Vedas, Vedic scholars

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons, men

Words meanings and morphology

मासार्धमासवेश्मानम् (māsārdhamāsaveśmānam) - whose dwelling is months and half-months

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māsārdhamāsaveśman

māsārdhamāsaveśman - dwelling of months and half-months

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (māsa+ardhamāsa+veśman)

• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)
• ardhamāsa – half-month, fortnight
  noun (masculine)
• veśman – house, dwelling, abode
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'it' (the year/time).

अहोरात्राभिसंवृतम् (ahorātrābhisaṁvṛtam) - encompassed by days and nights

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ahorātrābhisaṃvṛta

ahorātrābhisaṁvṛta - encompassed by days and nights

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ahorātra+abhisaṃvṛta)

• ahorātra – day and night
  noun (neuter)
• abhisaṃvṛta – covered, enveloped, encompassed
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛ with prefixes abhi and saṃ
  Prefixes: abhi+sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'it' (the year/time).

ऋतुद्वारम् (ṛtudvāram) - whose door is the seasons, having seasons as its gate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛtudvāra

ṛtudvāra - door of seasons

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ṛtu+dvāra)

• ṛtu – season
  noun (masculine)
• dvāra – door, gate
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'it' (the year/time).

वर्षमुखम् (varṣamukham) - whose beginning is the rainy season, having the rainy season as its mouth/face/beginning

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣamukha

varṣamukha - rainy season as beginning

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (varṣā+mukha)

• varṣā – rain, rainy season
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – mouth, face, beginning, chief
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'it' (the year/time).

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: This is the perfect 3rd person plural of √vac.

वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - knowers of the Vedas, Vedic scholars

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vedavid

vedavid - knower of the Vedas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vid)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, learned
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature